可拓方法在泥石流危险性评价中的应用

以北京山区泥石流实地勘查资料为例,在分析泥石流发育特点、形成条件和影响因素的基础上,提出了沟谷泥石流危险性评判指标及分级标准;采用可拓方法,建立了泥石流危险性评价的物元模型.研究表明,将可拓学运用于沟谷泥石流危险性评价是合理可行的,能够较好地反映各因素对沟谷泥石流危险性的影响.     

数码照相在铁路罐车测试中的应用

数码相机对标准机构组合模型和铁路罐车罐体进行同位拍摄，计算机数学模型的重建和对罐体表面点的三维解读，实现对罐体的测试和立体复现。     

弹性地基梁"m"法在深基坑支护结构中应用

在深基坑的支护结构中,要考虑支护结构的变形情况,对于多层锚杆的桩锚支护结构,一般内力方法计算出的内力计算结果与实际情况相差很大,而弹性地基梁法能够考虑支护结构的平衡条件和结构与土的变形协调,分析中所需参数单一且土的水平抗力系数取值已积累了一定的经验,并可有效地计入基坑开挖过程中的多种因素的影响,因而在实际工程中已经成为一种重要的设计方法和手段,展现了广阔的应用前景,本文对弹性地基梁计算方法与应用进行了简单的探讨.     

车用柴油机微粒捕集器流场的数值模拟与分析

研究的柴油机微粒捕集器采用目前应用最为广泛的壁流式蜂窝陶瓷作为过滤体,根据其结构对称性和内部流动数学模型,建立了稳态层流的过滤体内部流动CFD仿真模型,并运用离散格式分离求解器进行求解。仿真计算与试验验证表明模型能准确反映过滤体内部流动特性。     

车用高压共轨柴油机瞬态工况微粒排放粒度分布的分析

对高压共轨柴油机稳态与瞬态工况下的微粒排放粒度分布进行了实验研究。结果表明,高压共轨柴油机排气微粒粒径大部分处于250nm以内,超细微粒占绝大多数。稳态工况下,随负荷增加微粒数量浓度分布曲线峰值逐渐向大粒径方向移动,大负荷工况下峰值开始进入积聚态区域。在瞬态工况下,微粒粒度分布曲线呈单峰形态,平均数量浓度分布峰值位于核态区域,峰值区间为15~25nm。在同一负荷(当量比0.5)下,稳态工况的核态微粒的数量、表面积和体积浓度均较稳态工况大幅度上升;随着瞬变率的增大,核态微粒数量浓度增加而积聚态微粒数量浓度下降。     

基于能量法的车辆稳定性判断研究

本文中对汽车的操纵稳定性控制系统中车辆失稳的判断进行研究。采用能量法推导了车辆的失稳动能与纵向运动动能方程式,并将二者的比值定义为失稳能量比,而基于相平面法提出了车辆的稳定性判据,以判断车辆的行驶稳定状态。最后使用Vedyna软件进行车辆的仿真分析,结果验证了该稳定性判断的有效性。     

工程设计与施工一体化模式及工作程序

介绍了设计施工一体化模式及其工作程序，论述了设计施工一体化模式的主要特点，并结合国外公路设计施工一体化具体项目实施，总结了设计施工一体化项目的工作程序和应注意的问题。     

The effect of wheel set gyroscopic action on the hunting stability of high-speed trains

This study explores the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability by calculating linear and nonlinear critical speeds. First, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle with 23 degrees of freedom is developed by considering wheel set gyroscopic action. The linear and nonlinear critical speeds are calculated by eigenvalue analysis and drawing a bifurcation map, respectively. Two computer programs for linear and nonlinear stability analysis are developed. Second, based on an actual high-speed vehicle in China, the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability are quantitatively investigated using computer simulation. Furthermore, the difference between the effects of gyroscopic moments about the x-axis and z-axis is discussed. The results show that the moment about the x-axis is harmful to hunting stability, but the moment about the z-axis is beneficial to hunting stability. However, the integrated effect of these two moments can enhance the critical speeds and suppress the hunting motion.     

Carbody elastic vibrations of high-speed vehicles caused by bogie hunting instability

In particular locations of the high-speed track, the worn wheel profile matched up with the worn rail profile will lead to an extremely high-conicity wheel–rail contact. Consequently, the bogie hunting instability arises, which further results in the so-called carbody shaking phenomenon. In this paper, the carbody elastic vibrations of a high-speed vehicle in service are firstly introduced. Modal tests are conducted to identity the elastic modes of the carbody. The ride comfort and running safety indices for the tested vehicle are evaluated. The rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model for the high-speed passenger car is then developed by using the FE and MBS coupling approach. The rail profiles in those particular locations are measured and further integrated into the simulation model to reproduce the bogie hunting and carbody elastic vibrations. The effects of wheel and rail wear on the vehicle system response, e.g. wheelset bifurcation graph and carbody vibrations, are studied. Two improvement measures, including the wheel profile modification and rail grinding, are proposed to provide possible solutions. It is found that the wheel–rail contact conicity can be lowered by decreasing wheel flange thickness or grinding rail corner, which is expected to improve the bogie hunting stability under worn rail and worn wheel conditions. The carbody elastic vibrations caused by bogie hunting instability can be further restrained.     

基于MIDAS/Civil的荷载横向分布系数简化计算

针对简支梁桥结构受力特点,结合荷载横向分布系数计算桥梁结构内力的基本原理,基于MIDAS/Civil软件,提出了荷载横向分布系数自动计算的有限元模型。这种新方法具有明确的计算理论,模型前、后的可视化处理使得计算过程大大地简化,并且计算结果可靠,易于桥梁工程师们掌握应用。