增强沥青混凝土桥面铺装路用性能的措施

针对湛江海湾大桥水泥混凝土桥面改性沥青混凝土铺装的特点,提出增强路用性能的措施和实施方案。     

内蒙古黑沟特大桥应力控制研究

结合内蒙古黑沟特大桥工程实例，探讨了预应力混凝土连续剐构桥的施工应力控制方法。通过建立全桥有限元模型，模拟桥梁的施工过程．计算了桥梁各个施工阶段的位移和应力值．与施工现场的实测数据进行了对比分析，得到箱梁不同截面不同施工阶段的应力变化规律，各节段预应力钢束的张拉质量和应力储备情况，实现了实时应力监控，达到了设计要求和预期目标。     

基于BP神经网络的高速公路动态交通流预测

以高速公路交通流预测为研究对象,建立了基于BP神经网络的参数动态修复交通流预测模型。以高速公路宏观动态交通流模型为原型,利用分段辨识法分析了高速公路交通流特性。对BP神经网络层数和神经元的确定,以及转移函数的优化选择进行了深入研究,并给出了基于BP神经网络交通流预测模型的建模方法。对西宝(西安-宝鸡)高速公路交通流实时数据进行了采集、建模和仿真。通过仿真结果与实际结果比较,验证了该模型具有较高的可信度。     

Why are work travel plans effective? Comparing conclusions from narrative and meta-analytical research synthesis

Reliable research synthesis is of high significance for a transport policy which tries to base its decisions on available empirical evidence. There is growing doubt whether the frequently used narrative approach provides a scientifically defensible way of synthesising a body of quantitative research results. The present paper demonstrates meta-analysis as a more objective and powerful alternative for this task. For this purpose evaluation data synthesised in two earlier narrative reviews on the effectiveness of work travel plans [Cairns et al. Making travel plans work: research report (former), Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR), London, 2002; Smarter choices—changing the way we travel. (Final report of the research project: The influence of soft factor interventions on travel demand. Research report for the Department for Transport.) London. Retrieved 1 December 2005, from , 2004] are meta-analytically re-analysed and compared with the conclusions drawn from the narrative synthesis of these data. Our meta-analyis provides only limited support for the conclusion that addressing parking is the hallmark of successful work travel plans. Our meta-analysis indicates that site and organisational factors as well as characteristics of the monitoring process are significant predictors of effective work travel plans, whereas Cairns et al. view little evidence for the impact of these factors.     

Guidelines for samplers: measuring a change in behaviour from before and after surveys

This paper addresses the issue of using before and after surveys to evaluate behavioural changes in response to transport policies and investments, a procedure that, we argue is done far too rarely in this profession. Further, it demonstrates very clearly that, in almost all conceivable cases, there are considerable economies to be obtained by using a panel (again, under-utilised in our profession) to undertake evaluation, rather than successive independent cross-sectional surveys. The paper also addresses the critical issue of sample size requirements for measuring changes of a relatively small magnitude in travel behaviour; i.e., to state, with 95% confidence, that if there is a ∂ percent change in behaviour for the sample, there is a ∂ percent ± e percent change in the behaviour of the population, where e is the sampling error. In this paper, we present a method for calculating such sample size requirements from first principles and demonstrate the applicability both hypothetically and then empirically using data from the Puget Sound Transportation Panel. The formulation enables designers of before and after surveys to investigate the trade-offs between the statistical accuracy of their predictions and the sample size requirements systematically, without the need to specify ∂ a priori. This latter point is crucial, we argue, because we have limited information on ∂, yet, as we explain here, it drives the sample size requirements using alternative, well-cited approaches for calculating sample sizes to assess behavioural change. The results have important ramifications both for those implementing transport policies intended to produce behavioural change, especially when a cost-benefit evaluation of the policy is desired, and for those interpreting the results reported in previous studies.     

车辆超载对新疆地区干线公路沥青路面的损伤影响分析

目前新疆地区主要干线等级公路的车辆超载现象十分严重,从而对沥青路面造成很大的损伤和破坏,使其正常使用寿命大大降低。以新疆某干线公路典型的半刚性路面结构为例,针对车辆超载情况并考虑到超载时轮胎接地压力为非均匀分布的特点,运用三维有限元方法分析了路面弯沉、轴载及基层模量之间的关系以及超载对路面使用寿命的影响。     

Climate change and the future Maritime Policy for the EU

A cross-cutting Maritime Policy can ensure that climate change threats and challenges in regards to seas and oceans are dealt with in a wide policy framework that takes into account the impacts that climate change may have on other sectors and vice versa.     

Basic design of a series propeller with vibration consideration by genetic algorithm

Genetic algorithms (GAs) can powerfully search for parameters in a large multidimensional design space. Thus, the principle can be applied to preliminary series propeller design problems with multiple considerations. In the present study, B-series propeller design was conducted using a GA for both hydrodynamic efficiency and vibration consideration. The objective function was set by users who could freely weight the relative importance of efficiency and vibration. GAs were successfully shown to be able to obtain an optimal set of parameters leading to efficient performance and low vibration.     

Study on fast calibration of a ULA＇s gain and phase error

Array calibration is important in engineering practice. In this paper, fast calibration methods for a ULA＇s gain and phase errors both in far and near fields are proposed. In the far field, using a single sound source without exact orientation, this method horizontally rotates the array exactly once, performs eigen value decomposition for the covariance matrix of received data, then computes the gain and phase error according to the formulas. In the near field, using the same single sound source, it is necessary to rotate the array horizontally at most three times, build equations according to geometric relations, then solve them. Using the formula proposed in this paper, spherical waves are modified into plane waves. Then eigen values decomposition is performed. These two calibration methods were shown to be valid by simulation and are fast, accurate and easy to use. Finally, an analysis of factors influencing estimation precision is given.     

磷化参数对磷化质量的影响

磷化参数与磷化质量息息相关，控制好磷化参数是稳定和提高磷化质量的前提。本文结合生产实际详细介绍各种磷化参数对磷化效果的影响。