Establishing value of time for the inter-island passenger transport of the Western Visayas region,Philippines

Transportation infrastructure planning process requires cost–benefit analysis in the evaluation of project proposals. Value of time (VOT) facilitates the conversion of travel time savings, which is a significant proportion of benefits in monetary terms. In cases where VOT has not been established, planners resort to crude estimates that often results in erroneous or biased measurements of benefits. This is the case of the Western Visayas region in the Philippines where transportation studies are rare. Secondary cities and its peripheral regions have often been overlooked subjects of transportation studies. In this study, multinomial logit models using revealed preference data were estimated to facilitate the calculation of the VOT. The total cost, square of the total cost, and total time were identified as significant explanatory variables affecting mode choice. The square of the total cost term was introduced in the models in order to account for income effect. Results indicate that VOT estimates for the inter-island passenger transportation between Iloilo and Negros Occidental generally range from 78.15PHP to 179.15PHP (1.91USD to 4.37USD) depending on trip and traveller characteristics.     

Examining the effects of out-of-home and in-home constraints on leisure activity participation in different seasons of the year

Using multi-day, multi-period travel diaries data of 56 days (four waves of two-week diaries) for 67 individuals in Stockholm, this study aims to examine the effects of out-of-home and in-home constraints (e.g. teleworking, studying at home, doing the laundry, cleaning and taking care of other household member[s]) on individuals’ day-to-day leisure activity participation decisions in four different seasons. This study also aims to explore the effects of various types of working schedules (fixed, shift, partial- and full-flexible) on individuals’ decisions to participate in day-to-day leisure activities. A pooled model (56 days) and wave-specific models (14 days in each wave) are estimated by using dynamic ordered Probit models. The effects of various types of working schedules are estimated by using 28 days of two waves’ data. The results show that an individual’s leisure activity participation decision is significantly influenced by out-of-home work durations but not influenced by in-home constraints, regardless of any seasons. Individuals with shift working hours engage less in day-to-day leisure activities than other workers’ types in both spring and summer seasons. The thermal indicator significantly affects individuals’ leisure activity participation decisions during the autumn season. Individuals exhibit routine behaviour characterized by repeated decisions in participating in day-to-day leisure activities that can last up to 14 days, regardless of any seasons.     

An optimization approach to resolve activity scheduling conflicts in ADAPTS activity-based model

Activity conflict resolution as the core of scheduling process in activity-based modeling is a challenging step because the activity diary databases mostly report the outcome of the scheduling decisions and often fail to capture key factors influencing the resolution process itself. Consequently, most activity-based frameworks ignore modeling this process by using either predefined set of activity patterns or priority-based assumptions to schedule daily activities and prevent conflict occasions. ADAPTS is one of the few activity-based models that attempts to simulate the process of activity scheduling and resolve the conflicts as they occur. This paper advances the current rule-based conflict resolution model of ADAPTS by implementing an advanced and flexible non-linear optimization model. A set of linear optimization sub-models is then proposed that together perform the same task as the non-linear model, however they are much easier to implement and maintain, while fast to run and flexible to extend. The proposed approach defines an objective function, which aims to minimize the extent of changes in timing and duration of conflicting activities, while fitting them in the schedule. Comparing performance of the proposed model with TASHA scheduler and former resolution module of ADAPTS using CHASE scheduling process data reveals significant improvement in fitting the newly planned activities in the schedules with the minimal modifications in the timing and duration of activities.     

A reference-dependent user equilibrium model for activity-travel scheduling

Existing user equilibrium models of activity-travel scheduling generally fall short in representing travelers’ decision-making processes. The majority have either implicitly or explicitly assumed that travelers follow the principle of utility maximization. This assumption ignores the fact that individuals may be loss–averse when making activity-travel decisions. Allowing for the situation that travelers possess accurate information of the urban-transportation system due to modern technologies, studies on reference-dependent decision-making under near-perfect information are receiving increasing attention. In view of traveler heterogeneity, individuals can be divided into multiple classes according to their reference points. In this paper, we propose a reference-dependent multi-class user equilibrium model for activity-travel scheduling, which can be reformulated as a variational inequality problem. Moreover, comparative analyses are conducted on the equilibrium states between utility-maximization (no reference) and reference-dependency of exogenous and endogenous references. A numerical example regarding combined departure-time and mode choice for commuting is conducted to illustrate the proposed model. The simulated results indicate that reference points and loss aversion attitudes have significant effects on the choice of departure time and mode.     

UV消毒新技术在节能减排背景下的发展前景

UV消毒技术近几年来迅速发展,在节能减排的背景下,UV消毒技术通过紫外灯技术的进步,设计的优化,系统的集成,以及与现代通信技术、控制技术等相结合,向可靠、节能、环保和服务专业化的方向发展。该文介绍了垂直照射模块、精确杀菌技术、低压高能和超高能汞齐灯技术、远程控制系统和专家服务系统等专业的UV消毒新技术。     

动态分段技术在公交查询系统中的应用

针对空间二维坐标下存储城市公交系统数据存在的问题,文中提出了采用动态分段技术建立公交系统数据库的方法．并在该数据库的基础上实现了换乘次数最少的乘车方案。基于ArcGIS Engine组件和．Net开发平台．实现了基于动态分段技术的公交查询系统,表明动态分段技术在公交查询系统中的适用性。     

基于非线性AR模型的时间序列弱非线性检验方法

提出一种基于非线性AR模型相对预测误差的非线性检验量δNAR,采用替代数据法来检验时间序列中的弱非线性.以4种混沌时间序列为例,分析并比较了非线性检验量δNAR与非线性零阶预测误差δZP的弱非线性检验能力.结果表明,对4种混沌时间序列中的3种,非线性检验量δNAR都表现出比非线性零阶预测误差δZP更强的弱非线性检验能力,表明该非线性检验量具有较强的数据适应性,而且对于不同的数据,具有最佳非线性检验效果的参数比较固定.     

梳状谱信号的空时自适应处理

分析了梳状谱信号混响在空时二维空间上分布的特点,指出该类信号具有进行降维空时自适应处理的可能.根据混响分布的特点,在空时多波束方法的基础上给出了一种适合多个频点的降维算法.该方法选择所有频点处的数个辅助波束进行联合空时处理,在角度一速度平面上对目标进行搜索.仿真结果表明.该方法既达到了降维的目的,又能够有效抑制运动声呐的强混响,取得了比常规方法更好的检测性能.     

变载荷作用下轴-滚动轴承系统动力学仿真

讨论了变载荷作用下轴-滚动轴承系统动力学问题.利用Hertz公式和静不定问题的解法(力法)推导滚动轴承受力与变形关系的计算公式并得到数值解,以整个轴-滚动轴承系统为研究对象,利用ADAMS大型动力学仿真软件进行动力学仿真.以6310轴承和某试验台轴组成轴-滚动轴承系统为研究对象,研究了变载荷作用下刚性轴-滚动轴承系统、弹性轴-滚动轴承系统的幅频特性和变载荷作用下的动态响应.     

Meachanism and method of DPF regeneration by oxygen radical generated by NTP technology

By using a self-designed non-thermal plasma (NTP) injection system, an experimental study of the regeneration of DPF was conducted at different temperatures, where oxygen as the gas source. The results revealed that PM can be decomposed to generate CO and CO₂ by these active substances O₃, O which was generated through the discharge reaction of NTP reactor. With the increasing of test temperature, the mass of C₁ (C in CO) shows a overall downward trend while the mass of C₂ (C in CO₂) and C₁₂ (C₁ and C₂) increase firstly and then decrease. When the test temperature is 80°C, the backpressure of DPF decreases fastest and the regenerative effect is remarkable. DPF can be regenerated by NTP technology without any catalyst at a lower temperature. Compared with the traditional regeneration method, the NTP technology has its superiority.