Long-term impact of the Shinkansen on rail and air demand: analysis with data from Northeast Japan

This paper analyses how the high-speed rail construction in Northeast Japan (Tohoku) has affected total demand and interregional travel patterns. We use annual interregional passenger data from 1989 to 2012 and apply regression analysis with the demand between Tokyo and the Tohoku prefectures as the dependent variable. We distinguish particularly between the ‘Full-’ and the ‘Mini-’ Shinkansen, where the latter are branch services running with reduced speed. We find that the ‘Full-Shinkansen’ quickly increases rail and total public transport trips and generates additional rail demand year on year. The ‘Mini-Shinkansen’ impacts are less pronounced. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the Shinkansen has shifted some demand from air to rail once it started operation and increased rail share gradually. We therefore suggest that predictions of demand impacts should carefully distinguish immediate from gradual impacts. We also discuss differences in regional demand in that not all prefectures have gained equally from Shinkansen construction.     

Bicycle mode share in China: a city-level analysis of long term trends

In the past 15 years, cities in China have experienced big changes in socioeconomic and traffic conditions, resulting in a long term change in bicycle use. This study aims to quantify the changes in bicycle mode share in Chinese cities and explore the potential causes. Based on data from 51 cities, it is found that bicycle mode share at the city level decreased gradually in the past. Conventional bicycle mode share decreased with a rate of 3 % per year, but electric bicycle mode share increased with a rate of 2 % per year. The correlations between city features such as demographics and built environments and bicycle mode share at different city sizes are compared. The generalized linear models are estimated to relate the changes in the share of different trip modes to various city-level factors. The results show that the bicycle mode share in a city is impacted by factors including city area size, population density, number of cars, percentage of local road mileage among all roads, and trip purpose. Possible reasons for the changes in bicycle uses in Chinese cities are explored and policy implications are discussed.     

基于自适应神经模糊推理的交通状态判别方法

文章针对交通状态具有模糊性和主观性的特点,建立能够真实反映人对交通拥塞程度感觉的自适应-神经模糊推理系统,使具有变化连续的交通流参数模糊化处理,实现了道路交通状态的准确、快速辨别。     

公路隧道环境影响评价中存在的问题与对策建议

公路隧道环境影响评价在预防和减缓隧道建设、运营对生态环境的影响上起着重要的作用.文章在对公路隧道环评实践过程中存在的现行法规难以完全满足环评需要、环评介入时间滞后以及其他一些环评技术问题进行分析讨论的基础上.提出了制定隧道环评专门法规、加强隧道环评监管和提高隧道环评人员素质的对策建议.     

可拓理论在高等级公路隧道围岩分级中的应用研究

根据可拓理论在解决不相容问题及不确定问题等方面的突出特点,文章对其进行了适当的改进,得出高等级公路隧道围岩分级系统可拓评价体系,并应用于广东省惠深高速公路牛湖山隧道的围岩质量评价当中.且通过与灰色关联分析方法、专家经验方法等评价结果相比较,证明了高速公路隧道围岩分级系统可拓评价体系的科学性、合理性和经济性.     

土压平衡盾构法隧道施工中影响地表沉降的因素浅析

地层损失是盾构法隧道施工引起地表沉降的主要原因,正常地层损失不可避免,而非正常与灾害性地层损失仍困扰着工程技术人员。文章结合南京地铁土压平衡盾构施工实践,根据监测数据结果,对影响地表沉降的主要因素,即土压设置、注浆参数与出碴控制进行了分析,并讨论了由于操作失误、施工参数设置不当引起的非正常地层损失,以及灾害性地层损失的实例,总结了一些经验,希望对类似工程有所帮助。     

紫阳汉江2#特大桥栈桥设计与施工技术

详细介绍了紫阳汉江2#特大桥工程栈桥的方案设计、施工技术、使用维护三方面施工经验。     

我国汽车环保检测业的发展现状与出路

在汽车行业快速发展的今天,汽车环保检测业作为汽车市场的服务行业,也逐步发展起来。本文首先阐述了我国汽车环保检测业的发展现状,重点分析了行业存在的问题,最后提出了行业发展的对策。     

东莞生态园绿色交通规划探讨

绿色交通是当今世界城市交通发展的趋势,本文首先介绍了绿色交通相关概念及特点,以及实现绿色交通的相关途径;然后从实践绿色交通理念的角度,重点探讨了东莞生态园的绿色交通规划;最后,本文总结了绿色交通规划相关经验及展望。     

改性隧道弃渣的强度特性试验研究

山区高速公路建设中隧道工程是不可缺少的组成部分,为解决隧道弃渣的安置问题,同时为了节省投资和保护环境,将隧道弃渣进行改性用做高等级公路基层和底基层。在隧道弃渣的基本物理特性试验基础上对集料进行水泥改良,分析了内掺不同水泥含量弃渣的击实性能、无侧限抗压强度、劈裂以及弯拉强度。研究结果表明:隧道弃渣内掺3%,4%,5%,6%水泥改良后,强度随水泥含量的增加而增高,水泥掺量为4%时隧道弃渣能够满足高等级公路基层和底基层的强度要求。