The identification and empirical characterization of vehicular (Lagrangian) fundamental diagrams in multilane traffic flow

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling framework adopts the spatial–temporal coordinate system to analyze traffic flow dynamics. With such modeling and analysis paradigm, complications arise for traffic flow data collected from mobile sensors such as probe vehicles equipped with mobile phones, Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System devices. The vehicle‐based measurement technologies call for new modeling thoughts that address the unique features of moving measurements and explore their full potential. In this paper, we look into the concept of vehicular fundamental diagram (VFD) and discuss its engineering implications. VFD corresponds to a conventional fundamental diagram (FD) in the kinematic wave (KW) theory that adopts space–time coordinates. Similar to the regular FD in the KW theory, VFD encapsulates all traffic flow dynamics. In this paper, to demonstrate the full potential of VFD in interpreting multilane traffic flow dynamics, we generalize the classical Edie's formula and propose a direct approach of reconstructing VFD from traffic measurements in the vehicular coordinates. A smoothing algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the nonphysical fluctuation of traffic states calculated from multilane vehicle trajectories. As an example, we apply the proposed methodology to explore the next‐generation simulation datasets and identify the existence and forms of shock waves in different coordinate systems. Our findings provide empirical justifications and further insight for the Lagrangian traffic flow theory and models when applied in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CAN总线技术在中通客车上的应用

介绍CAN总线技术在中通客车上的应用状况,探讨中通传统客车及新能源客车的总线数据采集和分析方法。     

一种天然气发动机尾气净化技术路线探索

为使天然气发动机满足现阶段排放要求,主流企业均采用当量燃烧+EGR+TWC技术路线,文章通过研究一种提高天然气发动机进气量的燃烧及相应的尾气净化技术,同样可以满足排放要求,且发动机无需EGR,结构简单,气耗更低,同时有效降低整车热负荷,为重型天然气发动机满足更高排放要求提供新的解决思路.     

重型汽车低附着路面制动稳定性的仿真研究

文章利用trucksim重型汽车动力学仿真软件,对六轮双轴重型汽车在低附着路面左右车轮附着系数不一致情况下进行紧急制动的行驶工况进行了仿真研究.研究结果表明在低附着路面进行紧急制动时,对制动轮进行制动压力控制,有ABS控制的重型汽车比没有ABS控制的重型汽车具有更好地行驶稳定性.但在低附着路面上,有ABS控制的重型汽车...     

美国加州最新排放标准介绍及国产通用小型汽油机面临的挑战

介绍美国加州最新颁布的排放标准,进而结合国产小型通用汽油机的排放现状统计,指出了国产小型通用汽油机产品排放存在的差距及面临的挑战。     

行星齿轮式桥间差速器的差速特性分析

对行星齿轮式桥间差速器的传动原理、差速特性和扭矩分配特性进行的分析表明，采用该种差速器，在前后轮与地面间的附着条件相同且实际轴负荷分配也基本符合比例时，能够最有效的利用车轮与地面间的附着条件，使汽车的通过性能得到很大程度的提高；在后桥负荷大于前桥负荷的情况下，合理调整扭矩分配特性，可明显提高全轮驱动汽车的通过性能。     

软弱地层中瑞雷波传播的数值模拟研究

瑞雷波技术已经广泛用于工程物探和质量检测中,但对软弱地层的探测尚缺乏系统深入的研究.本文采用有限差分软件FLAC3D对横向存在软硬分区、表层软弱及软弱夹层3种地层模型作数值模拟,分析了相应地层模型中瑞雷波时域信号传播特征,得出了传播规律.为工程技术人员现场快速时域信号分析提供了帮助.     

基于实测数据评估交通事件检测中神经网络应用性的研究

神经网络为交通事件自动检测技术摆脱传统方法探测率低、误报率高的状况提供了新的解决思路。在以往局限于仿真数据研究的基础上,本文利用I-880数据库实测交通事件数据对神经网络在交通事件自动检测中的实际应用进行了研究,结果表明:神经网络应用于交通事件自动检测技术中,具有较高的探测率和较低的误报率,但该算法可移植性较差,在实际应用中要予以考虑。     

无水泥钢渣重载路面混凝土

以钢渣为粗细骨料代替传统天然砂石．碱溶液废渣粉制备胶凝材料代替水泥．配置路面混凝土。系统研究了碱掺量对强度和其工作流动性的影响．配置出28d抗压强度达44MPa．抗折强度达8．3MPa,同时具有良好工作性能的钢渣路面混凝土。进行重载路面工程试验的效果良好。     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.