道路景观设计元素的探析

针对道路景观设计,介绍了道路景观的特点以及道路景观的设计内容,应用景观视觉构成元素的方法,着重讨论了道路景观设计中的基本构成元素即点、线、面或体及其组合在道路景观视觉构成元素中发挥的作用,以及在道路线型选择中的应用,以求创造出富有个性和特色的道路景观环境空间的目的.     

A link-node complementarity model and solution algorithm for dynamic user equilibria with exact flow propagations

In this paper, we propose a link-node complementarity model for the basic deterministic dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem with single-user-class and fixed demands. The model complements link-path formulations that have been widely studied for dynamic user equilibria. Under various dynamic network constraints, especially the exact flow propagation constraints, we show that the continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium problem can be formulated as an infinite dimensional mixed complementarity model. The continuous-time model can be further discretized as a finite dimensional non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). The proposed discrete-time model captures the exact flow propagation constraints that were usually approximated in previous studies. By associating link inflow at the beginning of a time interval to travel times at the end of the interval, the resulting discrete-time model is predictive rather than reactive. The solution existence and compactness condition for the proposed model is established under mild assumptions. The model is solved by an iterative algorithm with a relaxed NCP solved at each iteration. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model and solution approach. We particularly show why predictive DUE is preferable to reactive DUE from an algorithmic perspective.     

Joint distortion model for progressive image transmission using error correcting arithmetic codes

A novel joint source channel distortion model was proposed, which can essentially estimate the average distortion in progressive image transmission. To improve the precision of the model, the redundancy generated by a forbidden symbol in the arithmetic codes is used to distinguish the quantization distortion and the channel distortion, all the coefficients from the first error one to the end of the sequence are set to be a value within the variance range of the coefficients instead of zero, then the error propagation coming from the entropy coding can be essentially estimated, which is disregarded in the most conventional joint source channel coding （JSCC） systems. The precision of the model in terms of average peak-signal-to-noise has been improved about 0.5 dB compared to classical works. An efficient unequal error protection system based on the model is developed, and can be used in the wireless communication systems.     

Energy-aware load-balaning fault-tolerant routing scheme for ad hoc sensor networks

Most routing protocols for sensor networks try to extend network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption, but have not taken the network reliability into account. An energy-aware, load-balancing and fault-tolerant routing scheme, termed as ELFR was propsed to adapt to the harsh environment. First a network robustness model was presented. Based on this model, the route discovery phase was designed to make the sensors to construct into a hop-leveled network which is mesh structure. A cross-layer design was adopted to measure the transmission delay so as to detect the failed nodes. The routing scheme works with acknowledge （ACK） feedback mechanism to transfer control messages to avoid producing extra control overhead messages. When nodes fail, the new healthy paths will be selected locally without rerouting. Simulation results show that our scheme is much robust, and it achieves better energy efficiency, load balancing and maintains good end-to-end delay.     

A total generalized optimal velocity model and its numerical tests

A car-following model named total generalized optimal velocity model （TGOVM） was developed with a consideration of an arbitrary number of preceding vehicles before current one based on analyzing the previous models such as optimal velocity model （OVM）, generalized OVM （GOVM） and improved GOVM （IGOVM）. This model describes the physical phenomena of traffic flow more exactly and realistically than previous models. Also the performance of this model was checked out by simulating the acceleration and deceleration process for a small delay time. On a single circular lane, the evolution of the traffic congestion was studied for a different number of headways and relative velocities of the preceding vehicles being taken into account. The simulation results show that TGOVM is reasonable and correct.     

基于逆向重力模型的枢纽机场旅客吞吐量估计方法

为了利用航空OD客流数据精确估计机场旅客吞吐量,描述了全连通线性航线网络和枢纽辐射航线网络,根据枢纽机场之间的OD客流矩阵,建立了逆向重力模型标准代数算法和基于哈密顿图原理的简化代数算法,分析了在不同距离修正指数下,算法的拟合与估计精度。分析结果表明:简化代数算法与模型标准代数算法最优吞吐量回归直线的可决系数都为0.84,斜率分别为0.91和0.87,比较接近。可见算法的拟合效果优良,估计精度高,且简化代数算法需要的数据少,尤其适合大规模OD矩阵分析。     

高速机车制动温升对轴盘配合的影响

利用ANSYS建立了高速机车轴盘制动装置热量传递模型,计算了接触面热阻、间隙导热系数和表面传热系数,研究了其温度场分布特性,分析了制动生热对轴盘制动装置过盈配合的影响。计算结果表明:合理的制动盘和盘毂间隙能增大热阻,减小温度对过盈配合的影响,在结构允许范围内,建议合理的设计单边间隙为0.5~1.5mm;制动结束时刻,选择合理的盘毂厚度可使过盈面平均接触压力减小5.9%~6.6%,以降低温度对过盈配合的影响,建议盘毂合理厚度为8mm。     

长株潭城市群城际轨道交通线网规划研究与评价

长沙、株洲、湘潭三市将发展成为一个经济实力雄厚、产业结构合理、基础设施完善、经济较为发达的一体化城市。本文通过对长株潭城市群发展战略和空间结构体系的分析,结合目前当地的交通状况和未来的交通需求,提出了城际轨道交通线网规划的两个方案,并对其利弊进行了剖析。     

番茄红素预防高脂喂饲大鼠脂质代谢紊乱的作用及机制探讨

目的探讨番茄红素对高脂喂饲大鼠脂代谢紊乱的作用及机制。方法用高脂饲料喂养大鼠,同时给予番茄红素灌胃,检测体重、血脂和肝组织脂质水平及肝组织的病理学变化,探讨可能的减肥机制。结果番茄红素可显著降低大鼠血清中胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平及动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)(P<0.05),适当升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平;番茄红素中、高剂量组明显降低肝组织中TC、TG、LDL-C含量(P<0.05),中剂量组明显提高HDL-C水平(P<0.01)。病理观察显示,番茄红素各剂量组脂肪变性及肝细胞肿胀程度减轻,接近正常水平。结论番茄红素具有预防高脂饲料喂饲大鼠血清和肝组织脂代谢紊乱的作用,其机制可能是促进HDL-C合成,减少TC、TG、LDL-C在体内的蓄积。     

关于公路建设项目经济评价的几点思考

经济评价是通过财务评价和国民经济评价,分析项目的经济合理性和财务合理性,并作为项目是否建设的重要决定要素之一。交通量预测、评价指标的选取、征地补偿费用与土地机会成本、国民经济效益等计量的正确与否将直接影响项目经济评价的结果。