中国港口信息化30年辉煌建设及其展望

回顾了中国港口信息化建设30年的主要历程,阐述了中国港口信息化领先水平的表现和用高新技术改造传统产业的成绩。介绍了中国港口信息化的典型成果——电子政务和港航企业信息化对港口生产管理的促进作用,证实了我国港口建设坚持用“高新技术改造传统产业,提高管理水平”这一发展原则的正确性。     

港口产业集群与区域经济关系分析

介绍了港口产业集群的定义和内涵,通过分析港口产业集群对区域竞争力、区域品牌、资源以及经济增长等的影响,说明它对区域经济具有促进作用。同时也指出区域经济对港口产业集群的形成和发展中起了重要作用。     

燃烧室外冷却热防护数值模拟研究

本文建立了夹套式外冷却燃气发生器燃烧室热防护的CFD数值模拟模型,并用该模型对影响热防护效果的各因素进行了研究。用有限容积法离散二维轴对称N-S方程,用标准k-ε模型模拟湍流,用可压缩耦合求解器求解控制方程。研究了燃烧室内壁材料热导率、燃烧室内壁壁厚以及冷却水流量对热防护效果的影响。结果表明材料热导率对热防护效果的影响较大,高热导率的材料能够明显降低燃烧室内壁壁温和温度梯度;当燃烧室内壁为高热导率材料时,壁厚和冷却水流量对热防护效果的影响相对较小。     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a particulate tracer in the water column of Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon

Time-series samples of settling particles were collected in the water column of Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon (KPSC) with two sediment traps on taut-line moorings deployed at two different depths (60 and 280 m) between May 26 and June 27, 2004. Average total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations of upper and lower trap array samples were 310 ± 61 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 200–440) and 240 ± 36 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 180–290), respectively. Principal component analysis results suggest that PAH sources in the trap-collected particles included diesel vehicle/coal burning, diagenetic sources, and petroleum release. PAH downward fluxes based on settling particles were estimated to be 12–44 μg m^− 2 d^− 1. These values are higher than those reported in the literature for most coastal areas. During the sampling period, both traps were significantly tilted by tidal current and fluctuated vertically. The upper traps experienced greater vertical movements, thus their particle characteristics (e.g., POC, particle mass, and fine particle fraction) varied more than those of the lower traps. Hourly depth variations of the tilted sediment trap array were echoed by the corresponding total PAH concentrations. Moreover, the PAH composition of the collected particles was related to the flow direction and speed. These observations suggest that PAHs can be used as an effective chemical tracer for the transport of terrestrial and marine particulates in a complex aquatic environment like Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon.     

船舶电力推进同步发电机-推进变流器系统谐波特性仿真

对船舶电力推进用同步发电机-推进变流器系统的电压畸变进行了量化分析,建立了该系统的Matlab/Simulink仿真模型,对负载为线性和非线性的两种工况进行了仿真分析,从而确定同步发电机-推进变流器系统中的谐波特性,并针对系统中存在的谐波提出了抑制总谐波及单次谐波畸变的方法.最后,对比分析了仿真谐波畸变值和IEEE标准中规定的畸变值.     

Analysis of velocity fluctuations and their intermittency properties in the surf zone using empirical mode decomposition

We consider here surf zone turbulence measurements, recorded in the Eastern English Channel using a sonic anemometer. In order to characterize the intermittent properties of their fluctuations at many time scales, we analyze the experimental time series using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. The series is decomposed into a sum of modes, each one narrow-banded, and we show that some modes are associated with the energy containing wave breaking scales, and other modes are associated with small-scale intermittent fluctuations. We use the EMD approach in association with a newly developed method based on Hilbert spectral analysis, representing the probability density function in an amplitude–frequency space. We then characterize the fluctuations in a stochastic framework using a cumulant generating function for all scales, and compare the results obtained from direct and classical structure function analysis, to EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis results, showing that the former method saturates at large scales, whereas the latter method is more precise in its scale approach. These results show the strength of the new EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis method for data presenting a strong forcing such as found in shallow water, wave dominated situations.     

锚绞机带式制动器热-结构耦合分析

采用三维CAD软件SolidWorks建立了带式制动器组件的三维实体模型,对其进行瞬态温度场、应力场以及沉头螺钉失效机理等热-结构耦合分析,揭示了瞬态制动过程制动器和摩擦片内部温度场和应力场的分布规律,探讨了沉头螺钉的失效机理,为带式制动器的优化设计提供了依据.     

一种单缸护箱结构的集装箱散货装箱机

由于环保标准的提高,以及用户对一些货物破损率有较高要求,散货装集装箱运输方式的应用越来越多,比较典型的是块煤装集装箱运输。但是,这种运输方式在我国应用历史较短,散货装入集装箱比较困难。要充分发挥运力,降低成本,就必须将集装箱装满,而集装箱除底面外,侧面和上面均不能承受较大的力,如果要把集装箱倾斜过来装箱,就要解决箱体侧面受压的问题。     

螺旋式卸车机PLC控制系统设计

螺旋式卸车机PLC控制系统采用PLC控制交流接触器,从而控制各机构的交流电动机动作,实现相应的功能,同时在系统故障时发出声光报警信号或自动停车,以保护整个控制系统及设备安全。