道路混凝土分层结构评价方法与指标研究(英文)

结合机理探寻、试验分析和对大量实体工程检测数据的提炼集成,系统研究了道路混凝土外分层与内分层结构,建立起混凝土分层结构模型及评价方法。建议采用密度变异性和吸水率变异性指标评价道路混凝土外分层和内分层结构,为工艺控制道路混凝土内、外分层奠定了基础。     

Hybrid process of fabricating high-quality micro wine-glass fused silica resonators

A new hybrid method, which combines improved glass-blown technology with wet etching, is reported to fabricate micro wine-glass resonators with high-quality fused silica. The optimum placement is compared to achieve the resonators with good shell shape. The typical shell diameter is about 4mm and its thickness covers from dozens to hundreds of micrometers. The etching rates in corrosion solutions with different ratios and at different thicknesses of hemispherical shells are studied. We also conclude how to precisely control the thickness. The corrosion solutions with different ratios of HF solution to NH₄F solution make the spherical shells rougher in different degrees. The best roughness is 0.581 nm in the 1: 8 ratio corrosion solution while the original roughness is 0.537 nm. This fact shows that the resonator remains atomically smooth surface. Based on the glassblowing spherical fused silica structure, the thickness of the resonator is effectively controlled by buffered oxide etch (BOE) technology according to the measured etching rate. The measured resonant frequency of the hemispherical shell at ambient pressure and room temperature is 1.75 kHz of rocking mode which is close to the simulated frequency. Using such a low-cost hybrid approach, we can fabricate high-quality microscale resonators in batch.     

两种跨平台航迹精度测评方法研究

跨平台航迹精度测评对多平台协同使用传感器航迹数据具有指导意义,论文介绍了相对于本平台距离/方位的测评方法(方法一)和空间距离精度的测评方法(方法二),从非线性坐标变换的角度分析了本平台位置对测评结果的影响,其中方法一的计算结果在两平台位置相差不大的情况下主要受被探测目标相对于这两个平台的方位角度差影响,方法二的计算结果则不受本平台位置的影响,因而后者更有意义。     

港口供电系统改进

目前港口供电系统存在体积大、结构设置不合理和不适应环境等问题,经研究提出了减小体积、优化系统配置、提高箱变安全性和环境适应性等相应对策,在研究的基础上设计了一种新型箱式变电站,解决了目前港口供电系统存在的不足.     

Simulation of mixed gas formation for a spray-wall complex guided LPG direct injection engine

To obtain an ultralean air-fuel ratio and to reduce engine-out NOX and HC emissions induced by the richer mixture near the spark plug, a spray and wall complex guided combustion system has been developed by utilizing the fuel characteristics of LPG. The new combustion system configuration is optimized by using a commercial CFD code, FIRE V2013, and the reliability of the system has been experimentally demonstrated by Plane Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). The mixture formation in the new combustion system under part load (2,000 rpm) is numerically simulated. With an injection timing of 40°CA BTDC, the LPG spray which is injected from two upper holes, reaches the ignition point, and the other part of the LPG spray which is injected from the bottom hole, is directed to the ignition point through the vertical vortices at the same time. At the ignition timing of about 20°CA BTDC, the two-part mixtures have been shown to form a stable and richer stratified mixture around the ignition point, and the maximum global air-fuel ratio reaches to 60: 1.     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

掺锶磷酸钙骨水泥的体外细胞生物学性能评价及其与掺锶量的相关性

目的 评价"SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的生物相容性及其与掺锶量的关系.方法 通过急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性以及成骨细胞在材料表面的黏附、增殖与表达等实验,检测材料的性能及生物降解潜能.结果 "SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性均为合格.Sr-CPC的热原性、溶血性以及碱性磷酸酶值与掺锶量呈非线性关系.结论 含锶磷酸钙骨水泥体外细胞生物相容性良好,是安全的新型骨组织工程支架材料.     

体外大鼠成骨细胞对破骨细胞形成的影响

目的通过将鼠成骨细胞与破骨细胞直接共培养的实验方法,研究成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响。方法按照M-CSF 30μg/L、RANKL 50μg/L的浓度对鼠骨髓单个核细胞诱导培养6 d,与原代培养3 d的鼠成骨细胞按细胞数量1∶1直接共培养,加入1,25-(OH)2D31×10-8mol/L和PGE21×10-6mol/L,利用形态学观察、TRAP染色、骨吸收陷窝检测等方法对共培养细胞进行鉴定。结果成骨细胞与破骨细胞共培养时,成骨细胞有明显的生长优势;染色后显微镜下可见大量呈单层排列的成骨细胞,偶见TRAP( )的破骨细胞。结论成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响与两者的相对数量有关。本实验中,由于成骨细胞快速生长,当其数量多于破骨细胞时,可能使1,25-(OH)2D3对成骨细胞RANKL表达的上调作用不足,且PGE2对成骨细胞OPG表达的下调作用不足,从而主要表现为对破骨细胞形成及分化的抑制作用。     

早期自然流产患者绒毛组织中核转录因子-kappa B的表达

目的 探讨核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)在绒毛组织中的表达及活化与早期自然流产的关系.方法 采用免疫组化方法检测早期自然流产患者和同期妊娠的健康妇女绒毛组织中NF-κB p65的表达;激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)检测NF-κB p65的核区与胞浆区比值(FN/FC)以观察其活化情况.结果 早期自然流产患者绒毛合体滋养层细胞NF-κB表达强度低于正常早期妊娠妇女,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);早期自然流产患者绒毛间质细胞NF-κB表达的FN/FC(0.7602)明显高于正常早期妊娠妇女(0.6977)(t=3.511,P<0.001).结论 NF-κB在早期自然流产患者绒毛组织合体滋养细胞中的低表达以及其在间质细胞中的过度活化可能与早期自然流产的发生有关.