Book Review: Airline Marketing and Management

Abstract

Public transport policy in the Madrid Metropolitan Area is often deemed as a success. In 1985, an important reform was carried out in order to create a new administrative authority to coordinate all public transport modes and establish a single fare for all of them. This reform prompted a huge growth in public transport usage, even though it reduced the funding coverage ratio of the transport system. Since then, Madrid’s public transport system has been undergoing an increasing level of subsidization, which might jeopardize the financial viability of the city public transport system in the future. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the evolution of the public transport funding policy in Madrid in recent years. We found that the increasing level of subsidy can hardly be explained on the basis of equity issues. Moreover, we claim that there is still room for a funding policy that makes the efficiency of the system compatible with its financial sustainability.     

复杂污染环境下的地下车站结构耐久性设计探讨

文章以北京地铁7号线工程化工站为实例,运用理论分析、类比、因果分析等方法,针对复杂污染环境条件下地下车站的结构设计方法进行了分析,对其影响结构设计的因素进行了研究,提出了复杂污染环境条件下结构设计的思路、具体措施,以及设计施工中需注意的问题.     

大功率柴油机全地域进气质量流量的测量

由于装甲车辆动力舱空间狭小,无法直接安装进气质量流量传感器,利用大气压力、环境温度与空气密度、黏度之间的关系,以补偿方式消除不同地区空气密度和黏度变化影响,基于黏性流体总流伯努利方程,建立了大功率柴油机进气质量流量测量模型并进行了试验标定,结果表明模型最大误差为1.07%。开发了全地域进气质量流量测量仪,分别在北京地区和羊八井地区进行了实车应用,结果表明该测量仪可以实现进气质量流量的实车测量。     

Research of order allocation model based on cloud and hybrid genetic algorithm under ecommerce environment

For massive order allocation problem of the third party logistics (TPL) in ecommerce, this paper proposes a general order allocation model based on cloud architecture and hybrid genetic algorithm (GA), implementing cloud deployable MapReduce (MR) code to parallelize allocation process, using heuristic rule to fix illegal chromosome during encoding process and adopting mixed integer programming (MIP) as fitness function to guarantee rationality of chromosome fitness. The simulation experiment shows that in mass processing of orders, the model performance in a multi-server cluster environment is remarkable superior to that in stand-alone environment. This model can be directly applied to cloud based logistics information platform (LIP) in near future, implementing fast auto-allocation for massive concurrent orders, with great application value.     

公路工程试验检测仪器设备计量管理关键要素的研究

以公路工程试验检测仪器设备计量管理体系的要素结构研究为切人点,基于公路工程试验检测仪器设备计量管理的现状,围绕计量管理的核心一计量器具的计量特性,对影响计量特性的要素进行识别和分析,提出了计量管理的要素结构,并确定了应实施管理的主要要素。     

纯电动城市客车动力传动系统的布置设计

针对某客车企业开发的纯电动城市客车,为满足操纵稳定性的要求,设计了3种不同的动力传动系统的布置方案。在Adams/Car软件中建立了所对应的整车仿真模型,并进行操稳性仿真分析,分析结果表明,方案1的操稳性优于方案2和方案3。     

天津市轨道交通客流效能提升策略

回顾天津轨道交通成网以来客流的发展变化,识别出当前影响天津市轨道交通客流提升服务覆盖不足、站点配套不完善以及自身竞争力不足难以与小客车竞争等问题,最后提出近期完善站点接驳,提升轨道交通服务覆盖范围;中期完善轨道交通服务,提升轨道交通吸引力;远期形成多方合力,推动轨道交通为骨干的"公交都市"等策略.     

Longer-term changes in mode choice decisions in Chennai: a comparison between cross-sectional and dynamic models

The rapid and continuing changes in travel and mobility needs in India over the last decade necessitates the development and use of dynamic models for travel demand forecasting rather than cross-sectional models. In this context, this paper investigates mode choice dynamics among workers in Chennai city, India over a period of five years (1999–2004). Dynamics in mode choice is captured at four levels: exogenous variable change, state-dependence, changes in users’ sensitivity to attributes, and unobserved error terms. The results show that the dynamic models provide a substantial improvement (of over 500 log-likelihood points and ρ² increases from 44% to 68%) over the cross-sectional model. The performance was compared using two illustrative policy scenarios with important methodological and practical implications. The results indicate that cross-sectional models tend to provide inflated estimates of potential improvement measures. Improving the Level of Service (LOS) alone will not produce the anticipated benefits to transit agencies, as it fails to overcome the persistent inertia captured in the state-dependence factors. The results and models have important applications in the context of growing motorization and congestion management in developing countries.

The transition to electric bikes in China: history and key reasons for rapid growth

Annual electric bike (e-bike) sales in China grew from 40,000 in 1998 to 10 million in 2005. This rapid transition from human-powered bicycles, buses and gasoline-powered scooters to an all-electric vehicle/fuel technology system is special in the evolution of transportation technology and, thus far, unique to China. We examine how and why e-bikes developed so quickly in China with particular focus on the key technical, economic, and political factors involved. This case study provides important insights to policy makers in China and abroad on how timely regulatory policy can change the purchase choice of millions and create a new mode of transportation. These lessons are especially important to China as it embarks on a large-scale transition to personal vehicles, but also to other countries seeking more sustainable forms of transportation.

Design and development of a stated choice experiment for interdependent agents: accounting for interactions between buyers and sellers of urban freight services

Stated choice experiments have proven to be a powerful tool in eliciting preferences across a broad range of choice settings. This paper outlines the elements of a group-based experiment designed for interdependent urban freight stakeholders, along with the procedure to administer the questionnaire sequentially. The focus is on the design of a computer-assisted personal survey instrument and the value in disseminating the details of a new approach to design and collect stated choice data for interacting agents. The paper also discusses how to specify a reference alternative, and then how to recruit appropriate real-market or representative decision-making group members to participate in a subsequent phase of the survey, which incorporates the reference alternative and contextual information from an initial phase. The empirical strategy, set out in some detail, provides a new framework within which to understand more fully the role that specific attributes, such as variable user charges, influencing freight distribution chains might play, and who in the supply chain is affected by specific attributes in terms of willingness to pay for the gains in distribution efficiency.