Comparison of advanced imputation algorithms for detection of transportation mode and activity episode using GPS data

Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been increasingly considered as an alternative to traditional travel survey methods to collect activity-travel data. Algorithms applied to extract activity-travel patterns vary from informal ad-hoc decision rules to advanced machine learning methods and have different accuracy. This paper systematically compares the relative performance of different algorithms for the detection of transportation modes and activity episodes. In particular, naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, decision table, and C4.5 algorithms are selected and compared for the same data according to their overall error rates and hit ratios. Results show that the Bayesian network has a better performance than the other algorithms in terms of the percentage correctly identified instances and Kappa values for both the training data and test data, in the sense that the Bayesian network is relatively efficient and generalizable in the context of GPS data imputation.     

A G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent simulation model for metro station corridor width design

Metro station corridor and passengers are described as a G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent queuing system with a general random arrival interval G and a general random and state‐dependent service time G(n) to offset the shortcomings in existing design methods. The corresponding G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent discrete event simulation model is developed, and its high‐fidelity is tested. Then the optimization algorithm based on the simulation model is designed to determine corridor width. The proposed simulation optimization method and the existing analytical optimization methods, based on M/G(n)/C/C and D/D/1/C queuing models, are applied to design corridor width in a numerical example of 48 combinations of passenger flow rates and level of service (LOS). The designed corridor widths are tested in a micro‐simulation model, and the performance measure is compared. The result shows that the corridor widths obtained by the new method are 0.357 m (7.4%) larger than that of the other two methods on average; the area per passenger of the new method increases 10.53% and 11.63%, respectively, compared with that of the other two methods; the widths designed by the new method satisfy the requirement of LOS under various passenger flows, whereas 93% of the corridor widths obtained by the other two methods fail to meet the requirement of LOS, and the corridor widths designed by the new method have high elasticity coefficients of LOS‐width. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trigger algorithm of vehicle automatic crash notification system

The Automatic Crash Notification (ACN) system is an effective technology to decrease the crash response time, improve the level of post-accident rescue and alleviate the severity of injuries. To realize this system, a vehicle terminal is developed. And based on a moving window integral algorithm, the trigger algorithm of ACN system is designed. By comparing the effect of different window widths on the trigger algorithm, we select the window width of the moving window integral algorithm as 8 ms. After system is triggered, different notify types was determined according to the change of velocity in the moving window. A sled impact simulation test shows that the impact can be identified rapidly and also the notify types can be judged by the trigger algorithm. A vehicle road test proves that the ACN system has no false trigger cases. The outcomes of this study support identifications of accidents and crash severities for both occupants and emergency centers.     

设计时速 160 km 以下铁路隧道（普货、有砟轨道）内轮廓标准研究

当前运营的时速160 km以下有砟轨道（普货）隧道内轮廓尽寸难以满足大型养护机械（特别是大型清筛机）作业空间需求,通过对新建时速160 km以下电气化铁路、单双线隧道内轮廓主要影响因素（建筑限界、接触网悬挂方式及布置、大型养护机械空间需求、轨道结构型式、侧沟及电缆槽设置等）进行综合分析,确定单双线有砟轨道隧道内轮廓控制性尺寸,并初步拟定满足大型养护机械作业要求的内轮廓方案,在此基础上通过对内轮廓方案的结构安全性、经济性及施工便利性进行综合比较,确定推荐方案,该成果对铁路行业隧道通用图编制有一定的参考价值。     

背衬对多层材料吸声覆盖层的影响

根据波导有限元-传递矩阵法建立了背衬条件下的多层材料吸声覆盖层的理论模型并与仿真软件COMSOL建立的有限元模型对比证明模型有效。在COMSOL模型的基础上讨论了单层壳体背衬和双层壳体背衬条件下的覆盖层的吸声性能并比较了在双层壳体背衬条件下不同空腔结构的吸声性能。结果表明：单层壳体背衬条件下,随着钢背衬厚度增大,吸声波峰向低频移动但峰值变小;两层壳体的水层厚度增大,波峰向低频移动,波峰渐渐增多,峰值减小;在非耐压壳体厚度增大时,三种厚度情况下的吸声系数曲线大致相同说明外壳厚度对于吸声系数的影响很小;圆柱型空腔在低频表现稍好一些,而椭球型空腔在整体表现均好于其余两种情况。     

绞吸挖泥船横移过程二次型最优控制

在疏浚作业过程中,挖泥船主要的作业参数是由操作人员根据自己的经验、试挖情况以及挖泥船实际作业效果灵活确定的,而疏浚操作人员的经验和理论水平也相差较大,所以手动作业的实际产量要远远低于预计产量,效率低下,作业成本偏高,作业质量较差。为了克服该缺点,本文提出了一种基于疏浚系统状态空间模型的线性二次型最优控制策略,并设计了最优控制跟踪器应用于绞吸挖泥船横移过程的控制中,该跟踪器是智能控制替代人工操作的一种有效方法。文中对应用二次型最优控制策略的效果进行了MATLAB仿真分析,仿真结果表明：采用了二次型最优控制策略后,系统稳定、响应快、滞后小,对期望输出的跟踪性好,可以应用于挖泥船疏浚作业过程中。     

干线公路城镇段接入方式适应性分析

地方道路随意接入干线公路不仅造成了干线公路街道化现象越来越明显,而且也严重制约了干线功能的发挥。在分析接入方式影响因素的基础上给出了直接接入、利用辅路接入、利用服务道路接入和联合出入口4种接入方式的利弊以及适用情况,为合理地规划设计地方道路接入干线公路提供了参考。     

双层浇筑式沥青混凝土在西攀高速公路龙塘湾隧道中的应用

介绍双层浇筑式沥青混凝土在西攀高速公路龙塘湾右隧道中的应用情况,分析浇筑式沥青混凝土优良的防水、抗老化、抗疲劳性能以及整体性好的特点,结合本工程介绍浇筑式沥青混凝土的施工特点及摊铺施工过程中需注意的事项。双层浇筑式沥青混凝土在国内尚属首次采用。     

降速报警防追尾系统的设计应用

根据车辆的行驶状态和制动降速时制动灯工作延迟时间,作者开发了降速防追尾系统。可提前控制制动灯工作以提醒后方驾驶员注意安全,以降低安全隐患。     

天津富民桥主桥整体结构空间分析与设计

天津富民桥主桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,桥塔为独柱,主跨主缆采用三维空间线形,在立面及平面投影皆为抛物线,边跨主缆采用1组(2根并排)缆索不加竖向吊索形式.主要介绍该桥的结构设计特点,并简述整体结构空间分析计算结果.