马氏体镍钢用于制造全海深载人舱的可行性初探

为进一步探索深渊海沟,需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下,潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小,同时,材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中,马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中,18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料,因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨,以此为基础,针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析,分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。     

钢带软管内压和弯曲研究

复合材料管已成为管道发展的热点和趋势。文中对钢带软管在同时受到内压和弯曲组合载荷作用下的力学性能进行了研究。基于建立的钢带软管的环向和径向力学平衡方程,提出了不同弯曲半径下该种类型管道的爆破压力理论计算方法。文中还进行了有限元数值模拟,并与理论计算结果对比分析,分析结果表明文中提出的爆破压力计算方法可作为此类管在同时受到内压及弯曲组合载荷作用下的通用算法,为解决此类工程问题提供重要参考。     

A G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent simulation model for metro station corridor width design

Metro station corridor and passengers are described as a G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent queuing system with a general random arrival interval G and a general random and state‐dependent service time G(n) to offset the shortcomings in existing design methods. The corresponding G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent discrete event simulation model is developed, and its high‐fidelity is tested. Then the optimization algorithm based on the simulation model is designed to determine corridor width. The proposed simulation optimization method and the existing analytical optimization methods, based on M/G(n)/C/C and D/D/1/C queuing models, are applied to design corridor width in a numerical example of 48 combinations of passenger flow rates and level of service (LOS). The designed corridor widths are tested in a micro‐simulation model, and the performance measure is compared. The result shows that the corridor widths obtained by the new method are 0.357 m (7.4%) larger than that of the other two methods on average; the area per passenger of the new method increases 10.53% and 11.63%, respectively, compared with that of the other two methods; the widths designed by the new method satisfy the requirement of LOS under various passenger flows, whereas 93% of the corridor widths obtained by the other two methods fail to meet the requirement of LOS, and the corridor widths designed by the new method have high elasticity coefficients of LOS‐width. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小规模下伏薄煤层采空区倾角对隧道开挖稳定性的影响研究

公路隧道近接下伏采空区施工必定会打破采空区的原始平衡状态,出现应力重分布现象。为研究不同倾角下伏采空区对隧道施工稳定性的影响规律,文章采用有限元软件构建采空区地层隧道计算模型并进行了数值计算,研究了下伏采空区倾角对隧道洞周位移、初期支护内力和塑性区的影响规律。计算结果表明:(1)下伏采空区的存在加大了隧道洞周位移,倾角越小,增幅越大;(2)下伏采空区的存在增强了初期支护内力分布离散性,尤其是对拱顶内力影响幅度较大,主要体现在隧道拱顶轴力降低,倾角越小,降低值越大;(3)下伏采空区的存在增大了围岩塑性区,甚至贯穿到采空区冒落带,倾角越大,塑性区越小。因此,下伏采空区倾角越小,隧道施工风险越高,围岩稳定性越差,结构受力越不利,应采取有效措施提高下伏采空区的处治强度。     

基于发动机在挡转速控制策略的HBB性能试验研究

发动机冷启动后,排放及快速暖机需要较高的发动机转速,车辆在冷启动后易出现制动踏板变硬、制动效能不足的问题,尤其在高原地区,存在一定的安全隐患。文中通过对某一车型的ESP增加HBB(Hydraulic Brake Boost)功能并优化发动机在挡怠速的控制策略,改善真空助力泵的真空度水平来增加辅助制动,满足正常制动要求。     

Trigger algorithm of vehicle automatic crash notification system

The Automatic Crash Notification (ACN) system is an effective technology to decrease the crash response time, improve the level of post-accident rescue and alleviate the severity of injuries. To realize this system, a vehicle terminal is developed. And based on a moving window integral algorithm, the trigger algorithm of ACN system is designed. By comparing the effect of different window widths on the trigger algorithm, we select the window width of the moving window integral algorithm as 8 ms. After system is triggered, different notify types was determined according to the change of velocity in the moving window. A sled impact simulation test shows that the impact can be identified rapidly and also the notify types can be judged by the trigger algorithm. A vehicle road test proves that the ACN system has no false trigger cases. The outcomes of this study support identifications of accidents and crash severities for both occupants and emergency centers.     

干线公路城镇段接入方式适应性分析

地方道路随意接入干线公路不仅造成了干线公路街道化现象越来越明显,而且也严重制约了干线功能的发挥。在分析接入方式影响因素的基础上给出了直接接入、利用辅路接入、利用服务道路接入和联合出入口4种接入方式的利弊以及适用情况,为合理地规划设计地方道路接入干线公路提供了参考。     

重庆水界高速公路中央隔离带滴灌技术研究

研究滴灌技术在重庆水界高速公路中央隔离带的应用,并对管道、滴头材料的选择,管网的布置,水压损耗,施工管理,经济效益等作了系统地研究.     

国家支持小排量乘用车发展的产业政策分析（续2）

2 发展小排量乘用车的一些政策建议 2．1小排量乘用车的界定 定义：凡满足国家对乘用车现行法律法规、强制性技术标准、排量在1．3L及以下、有较高动力性、外形尺寸较小的乘用车为小排量乘用车。     

夏季桥面沥青铺装层温度预估及其力学影响

为了准确预估桥面柔性铺装内的温度分布状况,根据传热学基本理论和导热微分方程相关理论,建立箱型梁桥桥面铺装温度数值预估模型,使用有限差分法对其进行了求解,结果表明夏季箱型梁桥桥面铺装全天均保持高温状态。并运用预估结果分析了连续高温天气对桥面铺装力学响应的影响,分析表明高温导致的温度梯度使得导致铺装层内应力更为不利。