How does purchasing intangible services online influence the travel to consume these services? A focus on a Chinese context

Transportation - A considerable number of empirical studies have explored the effects of information & communication technologies (ICT) on travel in recent years. In particular, the most...     

斜坡堤新型人工块体TB-CUBE的波浪爬高和反射试验研究*

针对新型人工块体TB-CUBE在斜坡堤上对于规则波爬高及反射的影响效果，进行试验研究。研究结果表明：波浪爬高随斜坡堤坡度增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势，并随水深增加先减小后增加；同时，堤前反射系数随水深和坡度增加呈现逐渐减小的趋势。依据波浪在新型护面块体TB-CUBE上爬高的相关因素，并以此拟合出波浪在该块体上爬高的经验公式，并与JTS 145—2015《港口与航道水文规范》进行了对比分析。结果表明：拟合的经验公式对TB-CUBE块体的适用性比规范中的计算公式更好。     

全天候太阳能供电光控无线同步闪烁诱导标志的研发

文章介绍了研发的全天候太阳能供电光控无线同步闪烁诱导标志。诱导标志由引入超级电容的吸能储能装置、电池充放电管理、无线同步闪烁控制、依据环境亮度自动开关控制、亮度控制等装置和LED灯板组成。诱导标志完全由光伏供电，免铺设供电和控制线缆，克服了阴雨天光伏能量摄入不足的缺陷，有效提升诱导标志主动发光的警示功能。诱导标志已安装现场，运行状况良好。     

基于改进低秩矩阵补全的交通量数据缺失值插补方法

提出了一种低秩矩阵补全的改进方法以研究道路交通量数据缺失值插补问题。应用基于核范数的低秩矩阵补全对交通量数据矩阵中的缺失值进行第1轮插补; 通过层次聚类算法将交通量数据划分为不同类别, 使得同类中的数据具有较强相关性, 异类中的数据具有较弱的相关性; 在每类样本上应用低秩矩阵补全得到缺失值的第2轮插补; 为了减少聚类数的影响, 提出最小二乘回归集成学习方法将不同聚类数下的插补结果进行融合, 得到最终的交通量数据插补结果; 用美国俄勒冈州波特兰市的交通量数据比较了5种方法的插补误差, 并分析了不同聚类数和距离度量方法的影响。研究结果表明: 在完全随机缺失模式下, 缺失率为10%~60%时, 其相对于传统的低秩矩阵补全模型的插补误差降低了5.93%~9.11%;在随机缺失和混合缺失模式下, 插补误差也分别降低了8.32%~9.55%和8.14%~9.20%;集成不同聚类数下的多个插补结果比单一聚类数下的插补误差降低2.62%~4.76%。可见, 在3种数据缺失模式下, 改进低秩矩阵补全方法降低了交通量数据的插补误差, 能有效提高插补后交通量数据的有效性。      

An application of a rank ordered probit modeling approach to understanding level of interest in autonomous vehicles

Surveys of behavior could benefit from information about people’s relative ranking of choice alternatives. Rank ordered data are often collected in stated preference surveys where respondents are asked to rank hypothetical alternatives (rather than choose a single alternative) to better understand their relative preferences. Despite the widespread interest in collecting data on and modeling people’s preferences for choice alternatives, rank-ordered data are rarely collected in travel surveys and very little progress has been made in the ability to rigorously model such data and obtain reliable parameter estimates. This paper presents a rank ordered probit modeling approach that overcomes limitations associated with prior approaches in analyzing rank ordered data. The efficacy of the rank ordered probit modeling methodology is demonstrated through an application of the model to understand preferences for alternative configurations of autonomous vehicles (AV) using the 2015 Puget Sound Regional Travel Study survey data set. The methodology offers behaviorally intuitive model results with a variety of socio-economic and demographic characteristics, including age, gender, household income, education, employment and household structure, significantly influencing preference for alternative configurations of AV adoption, ownership, and shared usage. The ability to estimate rank ordered probit models offers a pathway for better utilizing rank ordered data to understand preferences and recognize that choices may not be absolute in many instances.     

基于磁处理法的隧道永磁体排水管防结晶试验

为预防隧道排水管结晶堵塞，提出永磁体排水管关键技术指标，通过自制的永磁体排水管开展室内试验和现场试验，研究磁场强度、流量、磁体布置间距对永磁体排水管内结晶的影响，根据不同条件下结晶物的质量变化和SEM图像进行试验分析。结果表明： 1）磁场强度为0.1~0.3 T时永磁体排水管具有较好的防结晶效果，磁场强度超过0.2 T后防结晶效果逐渐降低，当磁场强度为0.4 T时永磁体排水管内结晶量反而大于普通排水管； 2）随着试验管段内溶液流量增大，永磁体排水管的防结晶效果增强，但当流量超过450 mL/s之后，防结晶效果不再随流量增大而增强； 3）经永磁体处理后，管道内的结晶物由规则的立方体形状转变为粗糙松散的不规则体，由硬质块状转变为粉末状，有从方解石向文石、球霞石转化的趋势； 4）随着管道永磁体布置间距减小，管道内最终结晶量呈下降趋势，在10、40、70 cm 3种永磁体布置间距中，最佳布置间距为40 cm。     

中外岸坡抗强震设计方法对比

天然岸坡以及工程岸坡(如防波堤、驳岸、航道等)在众多海外项目中普遍存在,并往往因为强震作用而产生显著的位移变形。国内外技术规范以及参考指南针对这一问题,分别提出拟静力法、Newmark滑块位移法、时程位移分析法等设计方法。针对不同方法以及判别标准,依托海外某回填陆域工程的岸坡稳定及位移分析结论,分别采用滑弧稳定分析、地震位移经验公式以及时程位移分析,进行方案的综合分析论证。结果表明,中外不同分析方法的判别标准稍有差别,但均能较好地依托实际,在总体安全储备方面相符。     

Do changes in the residential location lead to changes in travel attitudes? A structural equation modeling approach

Transportation - Numerous studies have found that travel attitudes might not only affect travel behavior, but also the residential location choice as people might choose a residential location...     

Improving the coexistence of offshore wind farms and shipping: an international comparison of navigational risk assessment processes

The continued growth and evolution of the offshore wind industry, and the emergence of other novel marine uses such as wave and tidal generators, have upped the ante for spatial planners, as well as consenting and approval authorities in various coastal states. These stakeholders rely on processes such as navigational risk assessments (NRAs) to balance safety and efficiency requirements and to make optimal decisions over use of space. Given the increasingly complex and crowded seascape, however, there are some apprehensions about potential shortcomings in these NRA processes. There is also some concern that these inadequacies may lead to unsafe or inefficient marine spatial use. To understand how NRA processes can be improved further, a literature review is conducted, followed by a survey of respondents who are involved in the planning, consenting and/or approval of offshore wind farms across seven different countries. A summary of the NRA processes in these seven countries is presented, and several shortcomings are identified. Based on the findings of the survey, a list of recommendations is presented to enhance existing NRA processes—and to improve the coexistence of shipping and offshore wind farms (OWFs).