工程弃渣型坡面泥石流形成过程试验

从试验模型、试验材料、试验装置及测试内容等方面制定了工程弃渣型坡面泥石流试验方案,拟定了模型试验过程,降雨历时16-18 h,其中0～13h属于前期降雨阶段,降雨强度控制在6.8 mm/( 10 min),分4次完成,每次降1h,停2h;13h以后属于短历时强降雨阶段,降雨强度控制在16.7 mm/(10 min);分...     

基于PEM中性点移位载波调制可重构控制仿真研究

电力电子变换装置的重要发展方向是高电压大容量,多电平变换装置以电力电子模块(PEM)为基本单元,是实现高电压大容量的重要途径,可靠性是衡量模块化多电平变换装置优劣的重要性能指标。该文以电力电子模块多电平变换装置的可重构控制途径为基础,分析出了中性点移位加故障模块旁路重构法,计算出了多种故障状态下的中性点移位参数,提出了两种中性点移位载波调制(CPSPWM、SFO-CPSPWM)电力电子模块可重构控制策略,并进行了两种控制策略的对比仿真。仿真结果验证了两种载波调制可重构控制策略的有效性及正确性。     

荧光磁粉探伤自动检测及图像处理系统研究

荧光磁粉检测中操作人员的安全保护、检测效率、检测结果的保存、复验等一直以来都是磁粉检测的技术瓶颈。研究一种自动磁粉探伤图像采集处理系统,能够对缺陷图像进行采集、预处理和缺陷标注,利用该系统可以有效减轻工人的劳动强度,提高检测结果的可靠性,保证缺陷记录和处理的可追溯性。     

基于过程现场总线的安全通信的研究与实现

介绍PROFIBUS-DP的通信原理.在此基础上,介绍研究安全通信的系统硬件连接以及其实现安全通信的方法.     

弹性工作制和动态停车收费组合策略研究

提出弹性工作制与动态停车收费的组合管理策略,探究组合策略下,出行分布的变化机理及动态停车收费费率的制定,以达到缓解通勤拥堵的目的. 构建双层规划模型建立动态停车收费费率的制定与多用户出行选择的相互作用关系,基于灵敏度分析的下降算法求解. 仿真模拟出不同弹性工作制规模时,均衡状态下多用户出行分布模式和优化的动态收费费率. 结果表明,组合策略能促使弹性与非弹性员工错峰出行,有效分散交通流,与单一策略相比,缓解路网拥堵的效果更好.研究成果为交通管理优化策略的制定提供了新思路.     

基于轻量级卷积神经网络的烟雾识别算法

由于烟雾图像场景模糊不清,背景复杂多变,难以捕获到有效特征,导致算法识别误报率和漏报率较高;此外,深度卷积神经网络结构复杂,参数繁多,难以缩短其计算时间至1 ms内,这成为实时火灾预警的一大难题. 为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于4种Inception结构的轻量级卷积神经网络SInception （sequeeze-and-excitation inception）在此基础上加入SE Block （sequeeze-and-excitation block）用于对烟雾特征进行重新分配;同时,为了避免由于训练样本不足引起的过拟合,原始数据集上采用数据增强技术以及生成对抗网络生成更多训练样本,并在后续实验中采用了融合暗通道先验特征的策略. 实验结果表明:该网络在增强的数据集GAN-Aug-YUAN上将识别误报率降为0的同时将准确率提升至99.65%,且计算时间减少到0.26 ms.      

降雨入渗下裂土边坡水分运移时空特征与失稳机理

为探究降雨入渗下裂土边坡水分运移时空特征与失稳机理, 自主研制了足尺模型试验系统和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)深部柔性位移系统, 对边坡渐进破坏进行了全过程、多物理量联合监测, 揭示了降雨入渗作用下裂土边坡的渐进变形和破坏演化模式; 基于裂土边坡的渐进破坏模式, 提出了土体饱和比概念, 将裂隙深度范围滑体分为饱和层和非饱和层; 以土体饱和度变化描述了含随机分布裂隙的边坡水分运移规律, 并结合刚体极限平衡法探讨了由裂隙控制的边坡失稳机制。研究结果表明: 对于未形成裂隙的边坡, 连续降小雨时浅层变形受表层基质吸力控制; 裂隙形成后, 雨水沿裂隙快速入渗形成暂态饱和区, 导致基质吸力降幅达82.50%~87.14%, 而由其贡献的抗剪强度迅速损失, 从而形成初期溜滑、片蚀等浅层变形, 降雨停止后坡体仍处于蠕变过程, 坡脚与坡顶位移增幅分别为23.40%和19.39%;蒸发后裂隙规模发展增大了雨水对渗流场的影响范围和边坡破坏规模; 土体经历胀缩、蠕变而变得松散, 裂缝区深部土体体积含水率较初始状态的增幅为205.7%;同一降雨条件下, 初始裂隙深度愈深, 稳定系数愈低, 破坏愈快; 对具有同一裂隙深度的边坡, 其稳定系数随土体饱和比的增加逐渐降低, 土体饱和比增长愈快, 表征边坡内部出现大面积连通型饱和区, 这是裂土边坡出现整体失稳的主要原因。      

机车自动驾驶系统模式切换策略研究

受铁路基础装备技术和国内复杂运用环境限制,机车自动驾驶系统仍需在有人值守的情况下工作,所以应有完善的自动驾驶系统模式切换策略来界定值守人员和自动驾驶的权限边界。以机车运行安全为原则,基于列车纵向动力学分析动态切换时列车的平稳性,阐述了机车自动驾驶系统的模式切换策略,该策略已经运用于机车自动驾驶实际应用中。大量实践案例证明,提出的机车自动驾驶模式切换策略能够有效保证机车控制权模式切换过程中列车的安全、平稳运行,取得了良好的运行效果。     

基于功能损伤的复杂电磁环境下炮兵目标毁伤评估

为适应复杂电磁环境,提高炮兵指挥员“科学决策,量敌用兵”的水平,依据目标在复杂电磁环境下的特点,综合利用了指数法和D-S理论等方法,分别对典型目标、电磁敏感目标和系统目标进行了功能损伤性毁伤评估。     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.