《西狭颂》与东汉书法文化研究

<西狭颂>是在东汉特定的文化背景下,形成的在文化和艺术两个方面具有时代意义的隶书名碑,它既是字体分类发展,隶书极度成熟时期的产物,是以功利为主要追求目的,并极度适应时代审美追求的书法精品;也是西部文化极度张扬、边陲文化丰富多彩的重要标志;更是摩崖书法艺术的精华和汉代各种不同隶书风格的综合体现.它以汉代官方正体的隶书身份,挤身于碑碣林立的东汉文化之林,显示了古代地方文化的高水平和高品位.     

TCP-Ⅰ型摩托车排气污染物测量装置

TCP-I型摩托车排气污染物检测装置,基于嵌入式WindowsCE操作系统和PLC、MCGS组态软件,以触摸屏为控制站,PLC为控制单元,由传感器和采集模块将数据传递给工控机,实现对摩托车排气污染物的检测。该装置测量精度高,用CFO法和重量法进行标定测试,误差均在±2%以内,系统运行稳定、可靠。     

基于多刚体动力学理论的摩托车平顺性仿真研究

基于ADAMS软件,对摩托车后悬摆臂长度和后悬弹簧倾角变化时,后悬架的非线性特性进行分析,并建立了摩托车整车系统参数化振动模型,以B级路面谱为振动激励对某骑式摩托车进行随机振动分析,综合研究了摩托车悬架弹簧刚度和阻尼、后悬摆臂长度以及摆臂与弹簧间夹角对整车平顺性的影响。     

Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities

As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as to the community as a whole. Bicycling now accounts for less than 1 percent of all trips for all purposes in the U.S., but evidence from other western countries suggests that under the right conditions, bicycling levels can be significantly higher. Indeed, the experiences of some U.S. cities suggest that it is possible to create conditions conducive to higher levels of bicycling even in the U.S. However, the extent to which bicycle investments have contributed to bicycling levels in these communities has not been rigorously assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the determinants of bicycle ownership and use as a basis for identifying ways to promote bicycling. A cross-sectional study of six cities was designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual factors and social environment factors, using a nested logit model to examine ownership and use decisions jointly. The results show strong effects of individual attitudes and physical and social environment factors on bicycle ownership and use.     

Mass transit systems of Beijing: governance evolution and analysis

Developing a more efficient mass transit system, in highly populated cities, improves the mobility, decreases the dependency of private cars, alleviates traffic congestion, and provides a more environmentally friendly means of travel. Recently, the city of Beijing decided to have a target of becoming as a ‘public-transport city’ with a fascinating mass transit system within a larger plan, of building humanistic, scientific and technological, and green public-transport systems. This work discusses the governance evolution of the mass transit system of Beijing between 1949–2008, comprised of two groups of transit systems, the road surface public-transport system (bus, tram, trolley, etc.), and the subway public-transport system. In addition, a time-series analysis is introduced in an attempt to examine the effect of governance evolution on the two transit systems, and of the impacts of the governance structural changes on the mass transit system. The time-series model is introduced using the annual statistics data of the period 1949–2008. The outcome of the analysis is viewed with precaution because of the incompleteness of the many endogenous and exogenous factors to affect the public-transport demand. Generally speaking it is concluded that the governance evolution provides beneficial effect of the Beijing mass transit activity; however, for satisfying the significant increase of the Beijing city’s travel demand and maintaining sustainable development, the governance-involvement pattern needs to be reformed.     

Exploring public transport usage trends in an ageing population

An ageing population remains one of the most significant challenges for Western society in the 21st century. Whilst public transport use has attractive sustainability features for older generations there is mixed evidence with regard to trends in travel and public transport use in ageing societies. This paper explores public transport trip rates amongst older age groups using travel survey evidence collected from a household travel survey in Melbourne, Australia for the period 1994 to 1999. A particular aim of the research was to establish trends in trip rates so as to explore the impact of the ageing Baby Boomer generation on travel by public transport. The results suggested that compared to those aged below 60, those aged over 60 years demonstrated 30% lower trip making overall and 16% lower public transport trip rates. Longitudinal trends in trip rates showed those aged over 60 had a very small decline in trip rates by public transport (−0.004 average daily trips per annum) but increasing rates for car trips. A further analysis showed a small but significant increase in longitudinal trip rates of public transport use amongst Baby Boomers (0.004 daily trips p.a., p < .05) while car usage for Baby Boomers was steady. The implication of these findings is that trends in the existing over 60s population are not necessarily going to flow through to behaviour patterns in the Baby Boomer generations. The Baby Boomer age group showed longitudinal trends in travel behaviour which contrasted with those of the existing over 60s generation notably with a trend towards increased public transport usage.     

渗沟排水设计中土工织物的使用

设计渗沟所采用的反滤层与隔离层的性能和质量,直接影响渗沟对地下水的排除,在分析反滤层的工作原理基础上,重点阐述土工织物在公路渗沟反滤层设计方面的方法与准则及对材料选择的相关要求,并通过实际工程的排水效果对设计方法进行验证。     

Extending stated choice analysis to recognise agent-specific attribute endogeneity in bilateral group negotiation and choice: a think piece

This paper is a think piece on variations in the structure of stated preference studies when modelling the joint preferences of interacting agents who have the power to influence the attribute levels on offer. The approach proposed is an extension of standard stated choice methods, known as ‘stated endogenous attribute level’ (SEAL) analysis. It allows for interactive agents to adjust attribute levels off a base stated choice specification that are within their control, in an effort to reach agreement in an experimental setting. This accomplishes three goals: (1) the ability to place respondents in an environment that more closely matches interactive settings in which some attribute levels are endogenous to a specific agent, should the modeller wish to capture such behaviour; (2) the improved ability of the modeller to capture the behaviour in such settings, including a greater wealth of information on the related interaction processes, rather than simply outcomes; and (3) the expansion of the set of situations that the modeller can investigate using experimental data.