跨河桥梁通航净空尺度与航道等级升级改造的相互影响

结合湘江下游2 000吨级航道建设,分析现有跨河桥梁对航道等级提升的影响,提出对通航净空不够的桥梁,应根据现状船型分析碍航天数,并综合考虑桥梁改造难度确定处理方案,既保证通航安全,又兼顾航道升级的经济可行性,不能机械执行《内河通航标准》.     

基于模糊层次分析法的舰艇维修性评估方法

维修性定量评估一直是舰艇设计中的难点之一。基于舰艇设计中常用的维修性设计准则,将层次分析法与模糊评判理论相结合,提出一种可用于舰艇维修性设计方案优化和不同方案间维修性水平比较的新方法。在评估过程中,首先根据舰艇维修性设计准则,将影响维修性的因素进行逐层分解、独立评价,再经逐层向上的模糊运算,得到评估对象的维修性水平。实例计算表明,该方法能够实现对维修性由定性到定量的评估,明确地得出不同方案之间维修性水平的差别,并能发现方案中维修性水平的薄弱环节。     

Opti Win 3D Pro软件在船舶HAB(WB)照明设计中的应用

传统的船舶照度计算方法无法考虑舱室内部设备及家具对照度产生的影响。HAB(WB)对船舶各处所照度要求具体,传统的计算方法难以满足要求,而应用于船舶照明布置设计的软件则有利于提高工作效率与质量。本文说明了GLAMOX公司研发的OptiWin 3D Pro三维可视化照明设计软件在船舶HAB(WB)照度计算中的应用。     

橡胶粉对混凝土抗冻耐久性的影响

通过室内试验,采用冲击弹性波技术测量混凝土的动弹模,研究了橡胶粉及掺量对混凝土抗冻耐久性的影响.结果表明:与普通混凝土相比,冻融次数较少时,适量掺加橡胶粉,混凝土的质量增加、动弹模降低、相对动弹模增加、抗压强度有所降低,橡胶粉掺量对抗冻性能影响不大;但冻融次数较大时,适量掺加橡胶粉,混凝土的质量损失率减小,动弹模、相对动弹模及抗压强度增加,抗冻性能增强,最佳橡胶粉掺量为15～20 kg/m3.通过扫描电镜试验分析,揭示了掺加橡胶粉提高混凝土抗冻耐久性的微观机理.研究成果可为混凝土抗冻耐久性设计提供理论依据和参考.     

Robust expected violation criterion for constrained robust design problems and its application in automotive lightweight design

Metamodeling techniques are commonly used to replace expensive computer simulations in robust design problems. Due to the discrepancy between the simulation model and metamodel, a robust solution in the infeasible region can be found according to the prediction error in constraint responses. In deterministic optimizations, balancing the predicted constraint and metamodeling uncertainty, expected violation (EV) criterion can be used to explore the design space and add samples to adaptively improve the fitting accuracy of the constraint boundary. However in robust design problems, the predicted error of a robust design constraint cannot be represented by the metamodel prediction uncertainty directly. The conventional EV-based sequential sampling method cannot be used in robust design problems. In this paper, by investigating the effect of metamodeling uncertainty on the robust design responses, an extended robust expected violation (REV) function is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of the robust design constraints. To validate the benefits of the proposed method, a crashworthiness-based lightweight design example, i.e. a highly nonlinear constrained robust design problem, is given. Results show that the proposed method can mitigate the prediction error in robust constraints and ensure the feasibility of the robust solution.     

Experimental study on mechanical properties of weathered rock covered by loess

Based on dynamic triaxial test, the mechanical properties of the weathered rock covered by loess were studied. The cohesion value of weathered mudstone is far below that of the weathered sandstone, while the internal friction angle values are basically equivalent, about 30°. Compared with the undisturbed sample, the cohesion value of remodeling weathered rock sample decreases significantly. With the increase of moisture content, the strength of weathered mudstone is obviously decreased due to the influence of the water softening effect. This results illustrate that the bearing stratum is not easily affected by external disturbance in comparison to weathered mudstone. In the engineering, in order to ensure the good mechanical properties of the soil, more attention should be paid to keeping the water content constant, even to reducing the water content. The experiments show that the relations between shear stress and strain of weathered rock were nonlinear and the behavior of weathered rock can be expressed by the hyperbolic model. The initial modulus of undisturbed weathered rock, under the same consolidation conditions, is much greater than that of remodeling samples. Meanwhile, the initial dynamic elastic modulus of sandstone is also greater than that of the mudstone. The dynamic shear modulus ratios of the undisturbed sandstone, the undisturbed mudstone, as well as the remodeling mudstone have the normalization characteristics with the increase of dynamic shear strain. The damping ratio of mudstone is larger than that of the sandstone, and the damping ratio of remolding sample is also greater than that of the undisturbed mudstone. The mudstone has the bad mechanical properties as bearing stratum.     

关于公路超高设计的探讨

超高设计是公路几何设计的重要组成部分。通过对超高的原理进行分析,结合设计实践,总结了设计中的一些常用技术方法。     

高职院校基层科研考核指标的设计与实践

高职院校作为一种特殊类型的高校,需科学合理地设计基层科研考核指标,使科研考核指标成为科研考核评价的指挥棒,引导高职院校的科研行为,形成有效的科研合力,催生一批有效的科研成果,为高职院校打造一个独特而合理的科研发展格局。     

空气能热泵热水器在线测试研究

文章进行了不同工况下热泵热水器的在线测试,确定了机组输入功率、排气压力、吸气压力、排气温度等在线测试关键参数对产品性能的影响,并拟合了各关键参数与进水温度的曲线及函数关系式,为在线测试提供了较为全面的数据判定标准。