Bicycle mode share in China: a city-level analysis of long term trends

In the past 15 years, cities in China have experienced big changes in socioeconomic and traffic conditions, resulting in a long term change in bicycle use. This study aims to quantify the changes in bicycle mode share in Chinese cities and explore the potential causes. Based on data from 51 cities, it is found that bicycle mode share at the city level decreased gradually in the past. Conventional bicycle mode share decreased with a rate of 3 % per year, but electric bicycle mode share increased with a rate of 2 % per year. The correlations between city features such as demographics and built environments and bicycle mode share at different city sizes are compared. The generalized linear models are estimated to relate the changes in the share of different trip modes to various city-level factors. The results show that the bicycle mode share in a city is impacted by factors including city area size, population density, number of cars, percentage of local road mileage among all roads, and trip purpose. Possible reasons for the changes in bicycle uses in Chinese cities are explored and policy implications are discussed.     

综合物探技术在石油平台场址灾害调查中的应用

海洋物探技术是海洋调查的主要作业手段,在海洋石油平台的安全施工需要方面发挥重要作用.通过实例,介绍石油平台场址调查的主要作业范围、使用设备、以及主要结论,包括描述与分析预定平台位置及周围的、与平台就位、预定管线路由铺设施工有关的工程地质现象.     

船舶下沉量分析与计算

为防止船舶搁浅,需要掌握船舶下沉量的有关理论.文章对涉及船舶下沉量的有关现象、理论和计算方法,进行了阐述.     

跳频通信系统抗跟踪式干扰性能研究

对于跳频通信系统,跟踪式干扰是一种较有效的干扰样式。分析了干扰方程并进行了仿真,认为干扰机配置位置必须在干扰椭圆内跟踪式干扰才能有效实施干扰,提高跳速是对抗跟踪式干扰的一种有效方法。     

反水雷与UxV

反水雷作战是一项极其危险的作战任务,而无人作战平台(UxV)的特点决定了其可以降低甚至消除这种危险性,因此在反水雷作战中使用UxV成为必然的发展趋势。本文分析了反水雷作战的特点、各种UxV的特点及其在反水雷作战中的优势,并根据反水雷的需求提出了在UxV中需重点解决的智能控制技术、精确导航与定位技术、传感器及信号处理技术等关键技术。     

基于垂直线阵无源定位的可观测性研究

提出了一种基于垂直线阵的系统,给出了定位模型,并简要介绍了其定位原理.利用由时延间接引入的距离、高低角和观测得到的方位角信息,建立了三维坐标系下的状态方程和观测方程.仿真分析了基线长度和时延精度对定位精度的影响.利用非线性系统的可观测性定理分析了该系统,得出了系统可观测的条件.     

绞吸式挖泥船门架结构强度分析

本船为1艘4000m^3／h绞吸式挖泥船,起吊系统包括龙门架结构和桥架结构。选取两种代表性工况,运用MSC／Patran／Nastran有限元分析软件对起吊系统建模并进行结构强度分析。对龙门架和桥架销座附近结构的应力和位移做了校核,为同类型挖泥船起吊系统的结构安全和结构经济性提供了参考。     

Model Test on Grouting Law in Dynamic Water-Rich Sand Layers by the Electric Resistance Method北大核心CSCD

In order to study the diffusion law of grouting slurry in the water-rich sand layer under flowing water conditions, a grouting test model consisting of a main test system, a grouting system, and a measurement system was developed. And for detecting the diffusion scope of the grouts, a new resistivity method was proposed. It is found that the relationship between grouting pressure and grouting rate during the test is strong. Under hydrodynamic conditions, the grouting slurry diffuses elliptically. Due to gravity and the effect of the upper water flow, the center of gravity of the ellipsoid is below the grouting outlet, and the grouting effectively improves the physical and mechanical properties of water-rich sand bodies. At the same time, the resistivity method has a good application effect on the detection of grouting diffusion range. The range of slurry diffusion obtained by the resistivity method is basically consistent with the boundary of the stone body after excavation, indicating that the resistivity method is reliable for detection of grouting range in dynamic water-rich sand layer. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。     

不同驾驶操作行为对车辆燃油消耗量的影响分析

针对车辆驾驶员普遍存在盲目换挡、急加速等不良驾驶行为的现象,研究采用发动机台架试验和道路试验相结合的方法,对汽车起步、换挡时机的选择、加速、减速、车速控制等典型的驾驶操作行为展开研究,通过对不同驾驶操作行为燃油消耗的分析,规范了汽车驾驶操作行为。