智能车路系统中汽车列队行驶控制关键技术与研究进展

通过车路协调技术可以控制车辆实现列队行驶,以提高道路车辆密度,增加道路容量,同时也能增加交通系统的安全性和节约能源.论述了汽车列队行驶控制的关键技术,介绍了车辆纵向、横向自动控制技术、车路信息交互技术以及车队队列控制技术等研究进展,展望汽车列队行驶控制研究方向.     

人工砂在水运工程抗冻混凝土中的应用

目前人工砂技术指标均执行建设部标准,而其中的人工砂石粉含量允许值较大,且未对抗冻混凝土中的人工砂做出具体规定。通过采用河砂与人工砂按不同比例混合,单掺粉煤灰和双掺粉煤灰及矿粉分别配制抗冻混凝土,分析各因素对抗冻混凝土拌合物性能、强度、耐久性的影响。并通过工程实例验证,结果表明,单一的人工砂级配较差,宜与河砂进行适当比例混合,可有效控制石粉含量;掺入适量掺合料可改善人工砂混凝土的工作性能,提高混凝土的力学和耐久性能。     

Study on flange climb derailment criteria of a railway wheelset

The wheel flange climb derailment, which can be usually considered as a quasi-static process, is one of the main types of derailment, and often occurs on curved tracks due to large wheel lateral force and reduced vertical force. The general formula for the wheel critical derailment coefficient Q/P, the ratio of wheel lateral force to vertical force, is derived through analysing the forces exerted on the flange climb wheel. Based on the Coulomb's friction law and the creep force laws, the Friction Formula and Creep Formula for the evaluation of derailment are derived, respectively. The analysis shows that the derailment coefficients of Friction Formula and Creep Formula required for derailment are increased considerably for smaller and negative yaw angles, and tend to the value of Nadal's Formula at larger wheelset yaw angles. The Creep Formula is more reasonable for the assessment of derailment. The effect of some parameters on flange climb derailment, such as wheel/rail friction coefficient, yaw angle, flange contact angle, wheel vertical load and curve radius, are investigated. Finally, a simplified formula for wheel climb derailment based on the Creep Formula is proposed.     

International benchmarking of longitudinal train dynamics simulators: results

This paper presents the results of the International Benchmarking of Longitudinal Train Dynamics Simulators which involved participation of nine simulators (TABLDSS, UM, CRE-LTS, TDEAS, PoliTo, TsDyn, CARS, BODYSIM and VOCO) from six countries. Longitudinal train dynamics results and computing time of four simulation cases are presented and compared. The results show that all simulators had basic agreement in simulations of locomotive forces, resistance forces and track gradients. The major differences among different simulators lie in the draft gear models. TABLDSS, UM, CRE-LTS, TDEAS, TsDyn and CARS had general agreement in terms of the in-train forces; minor differences exist as reflections of draft gear model variations. In-train force oscillations were observed in VOCO due to the introduction of wheel–rail contact. In-train force instabilities were sometimes observed in PoliTo and BODYSIM due to the velocity controlled transitional characteristics which could have generated unreasonable transitional stiffness. Regarding computing time per train operational second, the following list is in order of increasing computing speed: VOCO, TsDyn, PoliTO, CARS, BODYSIM, UM, TDEAS, CRE-LTS and TABLDSS (fastest); all simulators except VOCO, TsDyn and PoliTo achieved faster speeds than real-time simulations. Similarly, regarding computing time per integration step, the computing speeds in order are: CRE-LTS, VOCO, CARS, TsDyn, UM, TABLDSS and TDEAS (fastest).     

C25水下混凝土配合比设计及技术措施

介绍了津汕高速公路漳卫新河特大桥水下C25号混凝土配合比设计思想及采取的技术措施.通过采用优质缓凝高效减水剂、Ⅰ级粉煤灰、限制原材料及混凝土中总碱含量、并缩小水胶比等综合措施和技术路线,有效地降低了混凝土用水量,改善了混凝土工作性,提高了混凝土的体积稳定性,实现了高性能水下混凝土的目标.     

大学英语课堂沉默现象分析与对策

英语课堂上经常会有学生沉默不语的现象。本文分别从学生自身和教师的角度分析了造成学生沉默的多种原因,并就此分析了可以打破沉默现象,实现成功课堂交际的对策。     

Longitudinal train dynamics: an overview

This paper discusses the evolution of longitudinal train dynamics (LTD) simulations, which covers numerical solvers, vehicle connection systems, air brake systems, wagon dumper systems and locomotives, resistance forces and gravitational components, vehicle in-train instabilities, and computing schemes. A number of potential research topics are suggested, such as modelling of friction, polymer, and transition characteristics for vehicle connection simulations, studies of wagon dumping operations, proper modelling of vehicle in-train instabilities, and computing schemes for LTD simulations. Evidence shows that LTD simulations have evolved with computing capabilities. Currently, advanced component models that directly describe the working principles of the operation of air brake systems, vehicle connection systems, and traction systems are available. Parallel computing is a good solution to combine and simulate all these advanced models. Parallel computing can also be used to conduct three-dimensional long train dynamics simulations.     

基于NAH的水下航行体噪声源定位仿真研究

准确地对鱼、水雷等水下航行体式武器装备进行噪声源定位是减振降噪的前提。本文利用近场声全息技术对水下双声源和多声源目标进行仿真研究,对比研究目标声源的理论声压与重构声压的分布,准确对声源中心位置进行定位。取得了很好的重建效果,可见将近场声全息技术应用于水下噪声源定位是可行的,可为降低水下航行体式装备噪声特性提供技术支撑。     

船舶冷水机组智能化控制系统研究

随着电气设备的自动化控制技术日趋成熟,智能化控制已逐渐成为现代电气设备控制的主流。许多船舶的空调控制系统虽说都由PLC控制,但都只是单机或单组进行控制,不具备多台自动化控制的功能。在船舶上电动蝶阀的应用可以使多台电气设备智能化控制得以实现,文章重点研究了冷水机组智能化控制的控制技术及实现。