Enhancing the Efficiencies of Organic Photovoltaic and Organic Light-Emitting Diode Devices by Regular Nano-Wrinkle Patterns

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are energy harvesting and generation devices that have attracted great attention these years because of their low costs, thin film structures, flexibility and environment-friendly manufacturing processes. For such thin film devices, photon management methods that increase the light absorption of OPV cells and the light extraction from OLEDs are highly desirable. Here, we report the experimental efforts to fabricate geometrically tunable and spontaneously formed nano-wrinkle structures with large areas, and the theoretical results on photon management with the nano-wrinkles.     

小儿HBVM与肾脏疾病

对２５５例肾脏病及５０例非肾脏病患儿分别进行ＨＢＶＭ的检测。结果显示２５５例肾脏病患儿有７１例ＨＢＶＭ阳性，阳性率为２７．８％，与对照组比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＨＢＶＭ阳性率在肾炎性肾病中最高，其次是肾病综合征和原发性血尿。     

HMG－HCG促排卵治疗席汉氏综合征

１９９３年１２月至１９９４年５月应用ｈＭＧ－ｈＣＧ治疗３例席汉氏综合征患者。共８个治疗周期，均促排卵成功，１例妊娠。１个治疗周期发生中度卵巢过度刺激综合征（ＯＨＳＳ）。结果提示在ｈＭＧ治疗前应给予雌－孕激素替代治疗３个周期以上；诱发排卵成败的关键是选择最佳的时机使用ｈＣＧ；排卵后应继续使用小剂量ｈＣＧ或孕酮维持黄体功能；同时应重视ＯＨＳＳ的防治。     

吻合血管腓骨移植重建股骨头血供实验研究

本文采取自身对照方法对18条成熟体健雄性家犬的36侧股骨头颈部、分为两组、分别制成陈旧性股骨颈骨折和股骨头缺血性坏死模型。两周后进行吻合血管腓骨移植,术后分别进行X线片、病理组织学、电镜、99~m锝-亚甲基二膦酸盐骨扫描和四环素荧光标记等观察。实验结果表明:吻合血管腓骨移植为损伤股骨头提供了新的血供系统。坚硬的游离腓骨和金属内固定同时插入股骨头颈部,术后腓骨在骨折区形成骨桥,不仅能消除剪力,而且防止骨折断端旋转移位。移植腓骨骨膜也参与了股骨头缺血性坏死的修复过程。     

Study of algorithms of new slender ship theory of wave resistance

In this paper, Noblesse‘s New Slender-Ship Wave-Making Theory was investigated numerically. Detailed expressions of zeroth and 1st order wave resistance have been derived and calculation programs have also been compiled. In the single and double integral terms of Green function, the kernel function of wave resistance expression, special function expansion method and Chebyshev polynomials approach have been adopted respectively, which greatly simplify the calculation and increase the convergence speed.     

内昆铁路的工程设计要点

介绍了内江－昆明铁路线路走向、修建意义、工程概况和地形地质特点，重点从限制坡度的选择、越岭选线方案的确定、工程弃碴的处理、科技攻关以及贯彻铁道部“快速高效”的改革思路几方面介绍内昆铁路的工程设计特点。     

Explaining light vehicle demand evolution in interurban toll roads: a dynamic panel data analysis in Spain

Tolls have increasingly become a common mechanism to fund road projects in recent decades. Therefore, improving knowledge of demand behavior constitutes a key aspect for stakeholders dealing with the management of toll roads. However, the literature concerning demand elasticity estimates for interurban toll roads is still limited due to their relatively scarce number in the international context. Furthermore, existing research has left some aspects to be investigated, among others, the choice of GDP as the most common socioeconomic variable to explain traffic growth over time. This paper intends to determine the variables that better explain the evolution of light vehicle demand in toll roads throughout the years. To that end, we establish a dynamic panel data methodology aimed at identifying the key socioeconomic variables explaining changes in light vehicle demand over time. The results show that, despite some usefulness, GDP does not constitute the most appropriate explanatory variable, while other parameters such as employment or GDP per capita lead to more stable and consistent results. The methodology is applied to Spanish toll roads for the 1990–2011 period, which constitutes a very interesting case on variations in toll road use, as road demand has experienced a significant decrease since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008.     

Impact of family in-home quality time on person travel demand

This paper introduces the concept of Primary Family Priority Time (PFPT), which represents a high priority household decision to spend time together for in-home activities. PFPT is incorporated into a fully specified and operational activity based discrete choice model system for Copenhagen, called COMPAS, using the DaySim software platform. Structural tests and estimation results identify two important findings. First, PFPT has a place high in the model hierarchy, and second, strong interactions exist between PFPT and the other day level activity components of the model system. Forecasts are generated for a road pricing and congestion scenario by COMPAS and a comparison version of the model system that excludes PFPT. COMPAS with PFPT exhibits less mode changing and time-of-day shifting in response to pricing and congestion than the comparison version.     

Precise estimation of connections of metro passengers from Smart Card data

The aim of this study is to estimate both the physical and schedule-based connections of metro passengers from their entry and exit times at the gates and the stations, a data set available from Smart Card transactions in a majority of train networks. By examining the Smart Card data, we will observe a set of transit behaviors of metro passengers, which is manifested by the time intervals that identifies the boarding, transferring, or alighting train at a station. The authenticity of the time intervals is ensured by separating a set of passengers whose trip has a unique connection that is predominantly better by all respects than any alternative connection. Since the connections of such passengers, known as reference passengers, can be readily determined and hence their gate times and stations can be used to derive reliable time intervals. To detect an unknown path of a passenger, the proposed method checks, for each alternative connection, if it admits a sequence of boarding, middle train(s), and alighting trains, whose time intervals are all consistent with the gate times and stations of the passenger, a necessary condition of a true connection. Tested on weekly 32 million trips, the proposed method detected unique connections satisfying the necessary condition, which are, therefore, most likely true physical and schedule-based connections in 92.6 and 83.4 %, respectively, of the cases.     

Travel mode choice and travel satisfaction: bridging the gap between decision utility and experienced utility

Over the past decades research on travel mode choice has evolved from work that is informed by utility theory, examining the effects of objective determinants, to studies incorporating more subjective variables such as habits and attitudes. Recently, the way people perceive their travel has been analyzed with transportation-oriented scales of subjective well-being, and particularly the satisfaction with travel scale. However, studies analyzing the link between travel mode choice (i.e., decision utility) and travel satisfaction (i.e., experienced utility) are limited. In this paper we will focus on the relation between mode choice and travel satisfaction for leisure trips (with travel-related attitudes and the built environment as explanatory variables) of study participants in urban and suburban neighborhoods in the city of Ghent, Belgium. It is shown that the built environment and travel-related attitudes—both important explanatory variables of travel mode choice—and mode choice itself affect travel satisfaction. Public transit users perceive their travel most negatively, while active travel results in the highest levels of travel satisfaction. Surprisingly, suburban dwellers perceive their travel more positively than urban dwellers, for all travel modes.