Travel mode choice and travel satisfaction: bridging the gap between decision utility and experienced utility

Over the past decades research on travel mode choice has evolved from work that is informed by utility theory, examining the effects of objective determinants, to studies incorporating more subjective variables such as habits and attitudes. Recently, the way people perceive their travel has been analyzed with transportation-oriented scales of subjective well-being, and particularly the satisfaction with travel scale. However, studies analyzing the link between travel mode choice (i.e., decision utility) and travel satisfaction (i.e., experienced utility) are limited. In this paper we will focus on the relation between mode choice and travel satisfaction for leisure trips (with travel-related attitudes and the built environment as explanatory variables) of study participants in urban and suburban neighborhoods in the city of Ghent, Belgium. It is shown that the built environment and travel-related attitudes—both important explanatory variables of travel mode choice—and mode choice itself affect travel satisfaction. Public transit users perceive their travel most negatively, while active travel results in the highest levels of travel satisfaction. Surprisingly, suburban dwellers perceive their travel more positively than urban dwellers, for all travel modes.     

城市轨道列车气动性能优化研究

为研究城市轨道列车气动特性以及底部部件对列车气动特性的影响,针对三节车模型进行简化,保有底部部件较高完整性,采用Realizablek-ε湍流模型预测列车周围流场。数值计算结果表明:列车气动阻力分布呈现出尾车阻力最大,占三节车总阻力的48%;中间车阻力最小,占总阻力的14%。其中转向架分别占头车、中间车和尾车总阻力的15.1%,56.4%和23.0%。车底设备分别占头车、中间车和尾车总阻力10.5%,10.3%和8.6%。因此对于头车、尾车采取减阻方案首先是采用流线型头型的方式减少流动分离现象。对于中间车减阻方法则要首先针对底部部件,采取密封舱的方式减少其产生的压差阻力。通过优化列车头型发现列车气动特性得到明显的改善,其中列车头车、中间车和尾车阻力分别为原始情况下的61.4%,70.1%和58.3%。在流线型外形基础上进一步稳定列车底部区域流场也有效改善了底部区域部件气动特性。     

预应力锚索抗滑桩治理库岸滑坡施工技术

依托三峡库区一处大型库岸滑坡治理工程的成功实践,总结了预应力锚索抗滑桩治理库岸滑坡工程的施工技术,包括预应力锚索和抗滑桩施工工艺,并在三峡库区非水下滑坡治理工程中成功应用。     

TBM上PLC系统的抗干扰技术

TBM由PLC系统集中控制,对液压系统的温度、液位、压力、转速及机械机构的动作进行检测,使之按照设定的程序运行．从而完成各种工作状态。对PLC控制系统各种干扰因素进行分析,并在抗干扰设计中采取多种抗干扰措施,从而有效地抑制干扰,使PLC控制系统正常工作。     

Serum levels of RBP4 might not be determined by diabetes mellitus but by kidney function and renal replacement therapy

It has been reported that retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4) is associated to adiposity,insulin resistance,and type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,circulating RBP4 levels are also affected by renal function.The aim of the present study is to investigate whether serum levels of RBP4 are primarily associated with different stages of chronic kidney disease(CKD) or type 2 diabetes,if there is more potential relevance between RBP4 and renal replacement therapy.The serum levels of RBP4 were assessed by commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit in 212 patients with the CKD stages 1—5 and in 24 healthy controls,while its correlation with clinical and metabolic parameters was analyzed.The serum level of RBP4 had a strong correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)(P 0.001).Stratified by e GFR and treatment,no more differences in RBP4 serum concentration were detected between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects [CKD stages 1—5,non-dialysis(ND),hemodialysis(HD) and peritoneal dialysis(PD);P 0.05 for all].The elevation of RBP4 become higher in HD than in PD and ND in CKD5 patients(P = 0.008 and P = 0.04,respectively),while there was no significant difference between PD and ND groups.Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated three independent predictors of e GFR(β =-0.676,P 0.001),C-reactive protein(CRP)(β =-0.573,P 0.001) and creatine(β = 0.509,P = 0.024) in the study population.The study results demonstrated that the serum level of RBP4 was negatively related to the e GFR,whether diabetes mellitus(DM) affected the blood concentration of RBP4 or not.And the serum level of RBP4 exhibited significant difference in different renal replacement therapies.     

Numerical study for turbulent flow of drag and flow noise with wavy wall

In this paper, a numerical simulation of flow-induced noise by the low Mach number turbulent flow with a sinusoidal wavy wall was presented based on the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy. Large eddy simulation (LES) was used to investigate the space-time flow field and the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) model was introduced for turbulence model. Using Lighthill’s acoustics analogy, the flow field simulated by LES was taken as near-field sound sources and radiated sound from turbulent flow was computed by the Curle’s integral formulation under the low Mach number approximation. Both spanwise wavy wall and streamwise wavy wall with various wall wave amplitudes were discussed to investigate their effects on reducing the drag and flow noise. The relationship between flow noise and drag on the wavy wall is also studied.     

繁忙铁路干线区段TDCS升级方案

已开通TDCS的繁忙铁路干线区段,由于车流密度大、沿线各站客货作业繁忙、调度区段管辖里程长等特点,行车指挥工作对TDCS系统的依赖度很高,由TDCS系统升级到CTC系统,必须要保障运输生产秩序不受影响,做到平稳、无缝的过渡。以北京局管内京九线为例探讨了TDCS升级为CTC系统的解决方案。     

浅谈钢板桩围堰在跨河桥梁深基坑支护中受力分析

近几年,随着国内高速铁路和客运专线的飞速发展,为了满足跨高等级道路通行和跨主要河流的防洪及通航需要,大跨度连续梁在跨河、跨路中得到了广泛的应用。对石济客专5标段景德特大桥跨南运河连续梁主墩深基坑钢板围堰支护的受力进行了分析,并对该方案的可行性进行了检算,在实施过程中,充分验证了此施工方法的可行性和有效性。     

城市轨道交通盾构隧道穿越大厦地下室锚索的处理方案比选

以郑州地铁1号线区间穿越一座高层大楼的三层地下室围护结构锚索拔除为背景,介绍了盾构穿越高层地下室锚索处理方案的比选研究。通过技术、经济及工期等全方位的比选研究,确定了采用人工挖孔结合锚索拔除的锚索处理方案,并对该推荐方案的有关技术进行了详细分析。本处理方案的比选研究成果可供类似工程的设计和施工作参考。