润滑机理对汽车发动机性能的影响综述

发动机作为汽车中最为复杂精密的机电一体部件,长时间处于高温、高压、高磨损运行工况,且需要满足长寿命、高效率、低能耗、强动力、低污染等一系列标准指标,而汽车发动机运转时零件间的摩擦以及燃烧等产生的颗粒都会对其性能造成恶劣影响,所以润滑对于发动机性能提升尤为重要。综述当前汽车发动机润滑机理,分析润滑油在使用过程中对发动机动力、油耗和排放的影响,并且在最后设想一种新的润滑机理,以弥补发动机的制造缺陷和颗粒的影响,改善汽车发动机的关键性能。     

大马力重载全驱大件牵引车分动箱油冷器设计及应用

大件牵引车是用于运输不可拆解的重型大件货物的专用车辆。其动力系统通常具有较大的马力和较高的扭矩。主要的运输工作过程中车辆处于长时间的重载工作情况,所以车辆在对与整车的动力及传动系统、冷却系统等方面的要求较高。而分动箱作为传动系统的重要组成部件,分动箱的性能对整车有着较为直接的影响。大件牵引车由于低速重载情况下长时间的工作,分动箱内的齿轮油发热严重产生高温,直接影响齿轮的性能及车辆的安全,故针对分动箱油温较高的情况,设计一套油冷器用于冷却分动箱油温,从而从根本上解决了车辆长时间处于低速重载作业过程中,分动箱油温较高对分动箱性能及齿轮使用寿命的不利影响。提高整车的可靠性和寿命,从而提高车辆的性能质量。     

Failure mode and effects analysis of dual levelling valve airspring suspensions on truck dynamics

Failure mode and effects analysis are performed for a dual levelling valve pneumatic suspension to determine the effect of suspension failure on tractor–semi-trailer dynamics, using a detailed model of suspension pneumatics coupled with a truck dynamic model. A key element of failure analysis in suspensions with one or two levelling valves is determining the effect on the vehicle body roll when one or more failures occur. The failure modes considered are mainly the suspension pneumatic components, including clogged levelling valve, bent control rod, disabled lever arm, and punctured or leaking connectors and pipes. The pneumatic suspension is modelled in AMESim, with critical parameters established through component testing. Upon validating the AMESim component model experimentally, the pneumatic suspension model is integrated into TruckSim for studying the consequences of suspension failure on truck dynamics. The simulation results indicate that the second levelling valve in a dual-valve arrangement brings a certain amount of failure redundancy to the system, in the sense that when one side fails, the other side can compensate for the failure. Equipping the trailer with dual levelling valves brings an additional stabilising effect to the vehicle in the event of tractor suspension failure.     

单肋式梁拱组合体系桥梁结构设计

马涌大桥主桥采用一跨100 m单肋式梁拱组合式结构,桥宽40 m,考虑双向四车道通行并预留双向有轨电车车道。现以该桥的初步设计和施工图设计为基础,介绍单肋式梁拱组合式结构的桥型方案研究、主桥结构设计、结构计算分析等内容,并分析该桥的一些技术特点。该桥的河涌交汇口主桥设计方法、梁拱组合式结构的设计思想、结构受力要点、独特拱肋造型的设计方法等,可供类似桥梁设计时参考。     

基坑开挖对邻近管线的位移影响分析

隧道基坑常位于地下管线数量较多的闹市区,为避免施工过程中对周边管线的破坏,如何准确分析基坑开挖对周边管线的影响至关重要。利用三维有限元软件MIDAS GTS对基坑周边不同管线进行计算,通过对计算数据的观察分析,归纳总结基坑开挖对不同管线所造成的位移变形特点,为隧道基坑周边管线的合理保护优化提供了重要依据。     

Virtual prototype simulation on underwater hydraulic impingement shovel

The virtual prototype technology is applied to the design of the hydraulic impingement shovel, which is to increase the reliability of the design. The work principle of hydraulic impingement shovel is expatiated, and its dynamic equations are established. The 3D model of virtual prototype is built by PRO/E. Then the couple between the mechanical body of prototype and the hydraulic system is completed by virtue of ADAMS. Finally, the simulation is made on the virtual prototype. The simulation results show that the design of underwater hydraulic impingement shovel is rational. The virtual prototype technology could lay sound foundation of successful manufacturing of physical prototype for the first time and offer highly effective and feasible means for the design and production of underwater equipments.     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

Using a SVM to evaluate damage to vibration isolators in an elastic raft system

Predicting damage to vibration isolators in a raft experiencing heavy shock loadings from explosions is an important task when designing a raft system. It is also vital to be able to research the vulnerability of heavily shocked floating rafts unreliable, especially when the allowable values The conventional approach to prediction has been or ultimate values of vibration isolators of supposedly uniform standard in a raft actually have differing and uncertain values due to defective workmanship. A new model for predicting damage to vibration isolators in a shocked floating raft system is presented in this paper. It is based on a support vector machine（SVM）, which uses Artificial Intelligence to characterize complicated nonlinear mapping between the impacting environment and damage to the vibration isolators. The effectiveness of the new method for predicting damage was illustrated by numerical simulations, and shown to be effective when relevant parameters of the model were chosen reasonably. The effect determining parameters, including kernel function and penalty factors, has on prediction results is also discussed. It can be concluded that the SVM will probably become a valid tool to study damage or vulnerability in a shocked raft system.     

42 V电控发动机冷却系统的研究

冷却系统是发动机的重要组成部分,分析了传统冷却系统的不足,设计基于模糊控制的42V发动机电子控制冷却系统,该冷却系统能够实现散热风扇的无级变速,使发动机工作在最佳温度,使之更经济、更环保,给出了模糊控制器的仿真结果,对比试验结果显示较传统冷却系统性能优越。