高精度GPS数据处理方法在公路测量中的应用

针对目前高等级公路测量对点位精度要求的提高,提出了对不同载波的GPS相位观测量进行线性组合后,再利用GAMIT软件数据进行处理的方法,试验结果表明,此方法可以在公路控制测量中获得较高GPS定位精度,即在几公里的距离范围,基线精度可达到2 cm,满足公路控制测量的要求.     

公路隧道新设计规范中几个问题的探讨

设计规范作为行业强制性设计要求为依据,应是严谨、严肃的,但它同时又有一个不断发展和完善的过程.通过对新《公路隧道设计规范》(JTG D70—2004)使用中发现的与其它相关标准、规范的协调性、隧道建筑限界与内轮廓、钢纤维喷射砼等几个问题的探讨,起到抛砖引玉的作用,供同行研讨、参考.     

套管法拔桩施工对邻近箱涵的影响分析

在地铁施工中难免遇到侵入开挖限界的桩基础,一般的处理方法多是对其进行拔除,但在施工过程中必须将对周围管线和建筑的影响降低到最低限度.结合上海软土地层中的一个拔桩工程实例,通过实测数据分析后认为,采用套管法拔桩对邻近箱涵的沉降影响在允许范围之内.其经验可供类似工程借鉴.     

浮置板轨道结构的振动频率分析

浮置板轨道结构在城市轨道交通中的减振降噪效果最显著,而其减振性能与它的固有频率有关.通过建立浮置板轨道有限元分析模型,对浮置板轨道进行了模态分析.分析了浮置板轨道的断面形状、弹性支座刚度、浮置板长度、弹性支座布置间距等对浮置板轨道系统振动频率的影响.分析结果可为浮置板轨道结构的优化隔振设计提供一定的理论依据.     

某高速公路下边坡稳定性分析及支护方案研究

某高速公路K87+200~K87+320段下边坡高约52 m,边坡坡度约42°~54°,地质条件较复杂。基于理正软件采用瑞典条分法和基于Midas-GTS有限元仿真计算对该边坡的稳定性进行了分析,两种方法的计算得到的边坡滑动面位置和形状基本一致,瑞典条分法计算得到的安全系数为1.241,小于仿真计算的1.309,说明瑞典条分法相对保守。针对该边坡特征,提出完善排水系统+挂网锚喷的支护方案,并利用理正软件对支护后的边坡稳定进行计算,得到其安全系数为1.359>1.35,符合规范要求,说明边坡处于稳定状态。     

可伸缩式海工栈桥分类详解

介绍了可伸缩式海工栈桥的主要功能和分类,功能上分为主动补偿和被动补偿型以及其他类型,用途上分为油气行业和风电运维行业应用,尺寸上可分为小型、中型和大型,今后的分类的方法会更加科学和合理,为我国各类可伸缩海工栈桥研发的标准化、系列化提供依据。     

京杭运河穿黄及黄河北航道走向探析

近年来,京杭运河黄河以北段复航呼声越来越高,京杭运河穿黄及黄河北山东段走向成为目前需要迫切解决的问题。本文通过对东平湖周边防洪工程现状分析,提出了穿黄位置、穿黄方案及穿黄线路走向;根据黄河北河系水网布置,提出了京杭运河黄河北山东段航道初步走向,为京杭运河黄河以北段复航工程提供技术参考。     

Second best toll and capacity optimisation in networks: solution algorithm and policy implications

This paper looks at the first and second best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (Netw. Spat. Econ., 4(2): 161–179, 2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network.

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

Regulation of the informal transport sector in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil: welfare impacts and policy analysis

In Brazil, the explosion of informal transport activity during the past decade has had profound effects on formal public transport systems and is a source of great controversy in the urban transportation sector. A variety of policies have been proposed to manage the growth of the sector. This study seeks to understand how proposed policies will impact the users of these systems. A corridor in Rio de Janeiro with substantial informal activity was used as a case study. Measures of welfare changes in a discrete choice framework were used to estimate proposed policies’ impacts on users. Eleven candidate policies were evaluated, ranging from the eradication of the informal modes and investment in formal modes, to the legalization of the informal modes. Benefits were compared with costs and the distribution of benefits across income classes was explored. Net benefits from some policies were found to be substantial. Legalizing the informal sector was found to benefit users slightly but further investments in the sector are probably inefficient. Users benefited most from improvements in formal mass transit modes, at roughly 100–200 dollars per commuter per year. Finally, policies to foster a competitive environment for the delivery of both informal and formal services were shown to benefit users about 100 dollars per commuter per year. Together, the regulation of the informal sector and investments in the formal sector serve to reinforce the movement towards competitive concessions for services and help reduce the impacts of cartelization and costly in-road competition.