“Turn on the radio,bust out a song”: the experience of driving to work

Though driving to and from work has become a prevalent experience in the lives of individuals in every metropolitan region in the US, much remains to be learned about the activity from the perspective of the drivers. To increase our understanding of the motivation for certain travel behaviors, we must first know something about what those drivers experience. The existing literature explains much, but the application of new methodologies could improve our ability to explain the willingness of individuals to choose to drive through increasingly congested road networks. The results of this study of oral histories of 12 women commuters underscore the idea that commute should be seen as a set of subjective behaviors that contradict some existing assumptions about why individuals commute.     

Threshold controlled scheme of difference expansion techniques for reversible watermarking

Since Tian Jun proposed the difference expansion embedding technique, based on which, many reversible watermarking techniques were proposed. However, these methods do not perform well when the payload is high. In this paper, we proposed an expandable difference threshold controlled scheme for these three methods. Experiments show that our scheme improves the performance of these three methods for heavy payload.     

运用交通流理论确定保证交通安全的最短绿灯时间

交叉道口信号灯的最短绿灯时间是保证安全的一个重要参数,运用跟驰理论和流体力学模拟理论,提出了车辆感应器道口的信号机最短绿灯时间的计算方法,通过实例分析表明该方法简便可行.     

空间曲面的分形维数

在分形的研究中，给出了许许多多的测度和维数的定义，即给出了空间曲面的一种测度及维数定义和相应的测度和维数的性质 ，并与其它维数进行了比较。     

以企业网来实现通信段的网络化管理

阐述现在铁路通信企业在管理手段上存在着效率低、不规范的问题，提出适应现代化企业发展的网络化管理方式，并举实例进行分析。     

加筋土挡土墙全墙倾覆稳定性可靠度分析

考虑岩土不确定性因素的影响,将土体内摩擦角和土体重度设为正态分布的随机变量.运用VB语言,基于验算点法编制了加筋土挡土墙全墙倾覆稳定性的可靠度分析程序.通过调整设计参数,可以在满足达到目标可靠度指标的前提下选择较为经济的方案,进行结构优化设计.     

Why are work travel plans effective? Comparing conclusions from narrative and meta-analytical research synthesis

Reliable research synthesis is of high significance for a transport policy which tries to base its decisions on available empirical evidence. There is growing doubt whether the frequently used narrative approach provides a scientifically defensible way of synthesising a body of quantitative research results. The present paper demonstrates meta-analysis as a more objective and powerful alternative for this task. For this purpose evaluation data synthesised in two earlier narrative reviews on the effectiveness of work travel plans [Cairns et al. Making travel plans work: research report (former), Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR), London, 2002; Smarter choices—changing the way we travel. (Final report of the research project: The influence of soft factor interventions on travel demand. Research report for the Department for Transport.) London. Retrieved 1 December 2005, from , 2004] are meta-analytically re-analysed and compared with the conclusions drawn from the narrative synthesis of these data. Our meta-analyis provides only limited support for the conclusion that addressing parking is the hallmark of successful work travel plans. Our meta-analysis indicates that site and organisational factors as well as characteristics of the monitoring process are significant predictors of effective work travel plans, whereas Cairns et al. view little evidence for the impact of these factors.     

Guidelines for samplers: measuring a change in behaviour from before and after surveys

This paper addresses the issue of using before and after surveys to evaluate behavioural changes in response to transport policies and investments, a procedure that, we argue is done far too rarely in this profession. Further, it demonstrates very clearly that, in almost all conceivable cases, there are considerable economies to be obtained by using a panel (again, under-utilised in our profession) to undertake evaluation, rather than successive independent cross-sectional surveys. The paper also addresses the critical issue of sample size requirements for measuring changes of a relatively small magnitude in travel behaviour; i.e., to state, with 95% confidence, that if there is a ∂ percent change in behaviour for the sample, there is a ∂ percent ± e percent change in the behaviour of the population, where e is the sampling error. In this paper, we present a method for calculating such sample size requirements from first principles and demonstrate the applicability both hypothetically and then empirically using data from the Puget Sound Transportation Panel. The formulation enables designers of before and after surveys to investigate the trade-offs between the statistical accuracy of their predictions and the sample size requirements systematically, without the need to specify ∂ a priori. This latter point is crucial, we argue, because we have limited information on ∂, yet, as we explain here, it drives the sample size requirements using alternative, well-cited approaches for calculating sample sizes to assess behavioural change. The results have important ramifications both for those implementing transport policies intended to produce behavioural change, especially when a cost-benefit evaluation of the policy is desired, and for those interpreting the results reported in previous studies.     

竖井烟囱效应对隧道火灾影响的数值模拟分析

文章采用三维CFD方法对竖井的烟囱效应对隧道火灾的影响进行了数值模拟,分析了火灾时隧道内的温度、压强及烟流速度分布特征,证明了烟囱效应能有效增强隧道火灾的排烟能力,并定性分析了竖井高度与烟囱效应的关系,即在一定高度范围内,烟囱效应随竖井高度的增大而增强,但竖井高度的烟囱效应存在着一个临界值.     

新旧规范预应力混凝土简支梁桥计算比较

通过对交通部颁新、旧桥涵设计规范的对比,总结出新、旧规范关于预应力混凝土梁设计的不同之处,且通过算例计算,比较了根据新旧规范设计的预应力混凝土简支梁桥的异同,为预应力混凝土简支梁桥设计提供参考。