Study on Tire Dynamic Cornering Properties Using Experimental Modal Parameters

Based on the modeling of tire vertical characteristics and steady cornering properties, the model of tire nonsteady cornering is established in this paper using tire modal parameters extracted experimentally. In order to consider the influence of tire rolling effect on its cornering properties, the induced transfer function is introduced. The analytical formulae for calculation of transfer-function of lateral force and self-aligning torque with respect to lateral displacement and yaw angle are derived. The nonsteady cornering characteristics of tire under different loads can be calculated. The results of calculation are consistent with the experimental ones in the literature. The influence of rolling speed on tire cornering properties including the static case is analyzed. The nonsteady cornering properties in high frequency range are given by the model. The study demonstrates the consistency between steady and nonsteady tire modeling by using modal parameters.     

Pole location control design of an active suspension system with uncertain parameters

This paper addresses the problem of robust control design for an active suspension quarter-car model by means of state feedback gains. Specifically, the design of controllers that assure robust pole location of the closed-loop system inside a circular region on the left-hand side of complex plane is investigated. Three sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust stabilizing state feedback gain are presented as linear matrix inequalities: (i) the quadratic stability based gain; (ii) a recently published condition that uses an augmented space and has been here modified to cope with the pole location specification; (iii) a condition that uses an extended number of equations and yields a parameter-dependent state feedback gain. Unlike other parameter-dependent strategies, neither extensive gridding nor approximations are needed. In the suspension model, the sprung mass, the damper coefficient and the spring constant are considered as uncertain parameters belonging to a known interval (polytope type uncertainty). It is shown that the parameter-dependent gain proposed allows one to impose the closed-loop system pole locations that in some situations cannot be obtained with constant feedback gains.     

Hierarchical optimisation of the design parameters of a vehicle suspension system

This paper presents a design methodology for the mechanical systems entitled First Design. It is based on a hierarchical organisation of the design, taking into account the notion of robustness at an early phase of the project. The aim is to improve the quality of the system in order to make it robust, less sensitive to the variability of the external parameters and design parameters. We distinguish two main stages of the design cycle: one concerning functional parameters and another concerning physical parameters. The methodology is based on simplified models, on sensitivity analysis and on robust multi-objective optimisation. As an example, the methodology will be applied to the optimisation of vehicle suspension system design parameters. For each stage of the hierarchical design, adapted simplified models, sensitivity analyses and optimisation processes will be studied and applied to our vehicle suspension system.     

A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver . The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehicles. The value of the penalty function, used to define the optimal condition occurring at the optimal manoeuvre, may be taken as a measure of manoeuvrability or handling. With this approach the manoeuvrability properties are established as intrinsic to the vehicle, being defined with respect to an ideal perfect driver. Some possible forms of the penalty function, which means slightly different concepts of manoeuvrability and handling, are discussed. In the end, the case of motorcycles and some examples of optimal manoeuvres are given.     

泡沫沥青混合料物理力学特性的试验研究

泡沫沥青混合料是一种全新的道路材料，其有关特性尚不完全清楚。本文以泡沫沥青稳定2种骨料(新砂石料和回收料)为基础，从材料的选取与级配的组成、沥青的最佳发泡条件、混合料拌和方法及养护方案等几个方面提出一种泡沫沥青混合料的研究方法，并对该材料的物理性质和强度特性进行了研究。结果表明泡沫沥青混合料密度较小，空隙率较大，其强度能够满足路面设计规范关于基层设计参数的要求。水泥作为填料对泡沫沥青混合料强度影响不大，其主要作用是能显著改善水稳性。     

求解二层规划的一种模糊交互式方法

主要讨论上下层具有共同决策变量的一类二层规划问题的求解方法．在引入目标函数的模糊目标，并充分考虑上层与下层决策者的满意度后，构造了一个模糊交互式决策方法，从而使得上下层决策者对最后的求解结果都能满意．数值结果表明此法可行有效．     

空间体J积分表达式及其守恒性

受Rice的J积分的启发文中定义了空间体J积分,从三维角度定义了J积分的空间表达方式,并证明了文中定义的由闭合曲面表达的空间J积分具有守恒性,是对Rice的二维J积分理论的拓展和延伸,为研究求解含裂纹的弹塑性断裂问题提出了新思路.     

高职院校"形势与政策"课规范化和制度化建设的初探

《形势与政策》课是高校思想政治理论课的重要组成部分，是每一位大学生的必修课。因此要以规范化制度化建设为重点，加强形势与政策课教学管理。将教学任务编入教学计划是《形势与政策》课规范化制度化建设的基础。加强和提高师资队伍水平是《形势与政策》课规范化制度化建设的关键。开展教学改革是《形势与政策》课规范化制度化建设的生命。     

蛋白激酶C活性在脑血管痉挛过程中的变化

目的探讨蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性在脑血管痉挛(CVS)过程中的变化及其意义。方法日本大耳白兔25只,随机分为对照组(5只)与模型组(CVS组,20只),CVS组又分为1、3、5、8 d组,每组5只。采用枕大池2次注血法建立脑血管痉挛动物模型,血管造影观察基底动脉(BA)痉挛,放射免疫法和放射性同位素标记蛋白激酶测定法动态测定血浆内皮素和兔BA管壁PKC活性。结果枕大池2次注血法可以成功构建脑血管痉挛模型,是一种简便、可靠的方法;模型组血浆中内皮素含量和BA壁内PKC的活性均明显升高,且在5 d组达到峰值,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PKC活性与CVS的严重程度呈正相关。