箱梁竖向预应力施工技术研究

主要对箱梁竖向预应力筋施工中需要注意的问题及控制措施进行了讨论。     

A bintree energy approach for colour image segmentation using adaptive channel selection

A new hierarchical approach called bintree energy segmentation was presented for color image segmentation. The image features are extracted by adaptive clustering on multi-channel data at each level and used as the criteria to dynamically select the best chromatic channel, where the segmentation is carried out. In this approach, an extended direct energy computation method based on the Chan-Vese model was proposed to segment the selected channel, and the segmentation outputs are then fused with other channels into new images, from which a new channel with better features is selected for the second round segmentation. This procedure is repeated until the preset condition is met. Finally, a binary segmentation tree is formed, in which each leaf represents a class of objects with a distinctive color. To facilitate the data organization, image background is employed in segmentation and channels fusion. The bintree energy segmentation exploits color information involved in all channels data and tries to optimize the global segmentation result by choosing the ＂best＂ channel for segmentation at each level. The experiments show that the method is effective in speed, accuracy and flexibility.     

沥青路面的车辙破坏及防治措施

车辙是沥青路面结构层及土基在行车重复荷载作用下,以及结构层中材料的侧向位移产生的累积永久变形;这种变形出现在行车轮胎处,即形成路面的纵向带状凹陷;车辙是高级沥青路面的主要破坏型式。根据近几年河北省高速公路沥青路面车辙病害的情况,详细地分析了沥青路面出现车辙的原因、影响因素以及减轻车辙的主要措施。     

Case Analysis on Vehicle Parking and Departure Plans for the National Stadium

As the main venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the National Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, field and track events, and final football games. This paper intends to study the problems associated with vehicle evacuation from the parking lot, and develop evacuation plans. First, the paper analyzes the particular conditions of the parking lot in the National Stadium, as well as its layout and vehicle evacuation. Then, it simulates and evaluates the evacuation plans with the suitably given parameters, based on the real blueprint of the National Stadium and scenarios. Finally, it conducts a comparative analysis on the accuracy and practicability of the vehicle evacuation plans based on the field data collected at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The simulation result shows that the total vehicle evacuation time was 26 minutes and the real evacuation time was 27 minutes on the day of the opening ceremony, which verifies that the study is accurate and practical.     

综合重症监护病房患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原学和耐药性分析

目的探讨病原菌在综合重症监护病房(ICU)患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的分布及对常用抗生素的耐药情况。方法对我院2004-2006年综合ICU患者VAP病原菌的分布及耐药性进行回顾性统计分析。结果从302例综合ICU VAP患者下呼吸道深部分泌物标本中分离出347株病原菌,主要病原菌是铜绿假单胞菌(32.3%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(31.1%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(16.7%)、克雷伯菌(7.5%)与凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(6.1%)。革兰阴性杆菌(G-杆菌)对哌拉西林、头孢噻肟耐药率最高,对碳青霉烯类及加酶抑制剂抗生素耐药率最低;革兰阳性球菌(G 球菌)对青霉素类、克林霉素及红霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素、喹诺酮类抗生素耐药率低。结论G-杆菌是综合ICU患者VAP最主要的病原菌,多重耐药性高;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MR-SCNS)的分离率高且耐药严重。临床医师应根据病原菌学及抗菌药物敏感性资料,及时选择合理的抗生素控制感染,延缓耐药菌株的产生。     

爆破碎石填筑路堤压实控制的试验研究

形成优良的爆破碎石路基结构的关键在于有效的压实.结合锦州市黑山地区村通油路修建的工程实例,总结了爆破碎石路基压实质量控制的经验.     

地铁明挖车站-市政桥梁合建结构的关键技术研究

地铁明挖车站和市政桥梁合建时,为同时满足2种不同类型构筑物的安全和使用功能要求,需对其中的关键技术难题进行分析研究,以采取合理可行的结构形式。依托成都地铁白佛桥明挖车站与其上部市政桥梁的建设,总结国内类似工程经验,根据工程特点确定桥梁承台与地铁车站顶板进行固结连接,桥梁跨度与地铁车站框架柱跨进行匹配,同时桥墩避开地铁车站端头井、换乘节点等复杂结构受力区域进行布设; 建立三维荷载-结构模型,计算分析上部桥梁荷载对地铁车站结构构件内力及变形的影响,并根据计算结果,对桥墩影响范围内的车站顶底板和侧墙的厚度及配筋进行增强,桥墩轴线下方的地铁车站框架柱采用型钢-混凝土组合结构,以满足合建结构的承载能力、变形、裂缝控制等要求。另外,选取LS-DYNA软件,采用非线性时程分析法对合建结构进行抗震计算分析,计算结果显示： 车站板、墙、梁等构件在支座处出现应力集中现象,各结构构件的承载力强度及变形均满足规范要求。     

汽油机爆震在线检测系统设计与试验

在嵌入式工控机的控制下,应用NI数据采集卡及LabVIEW软件,完成了对非共振型压电式爆震传感器和光电式转速传感器输出信号的采集及处理,实现了基于机体振动检测的汽油机爆震在线检测。完成了检测系统的软件设计,通过信号采集模块、处理模块、爆震判别模块和数据保存模块,实现了基于LabVIEW的爆震识别。对某3缸汽油机进行爆震试验,通过分析振动信号,确定了爆震特征频率范围和爆震阈值,并研究了阈值的影响因素。最后进行发动机爆震状况在线检测,试验结果表明本检测系统对发动机爆震的识别是有效的。     

岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术

为探究适合硬岩隧道岩爆段的快速施工技术,通过对硬岩隧道整体自稳性及岩爆特点的分析,提出以柔性支护为基础、以岩爆预测、松动圈测试和柔性网试验为保证措施的一种快速施工技术。依托米仓山隧道岩爆段的施工,利用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据对不同埋深下岩爆强度进行预测,合理划分米仓山隧道岩爆强度区段,并结合松动圈测试、柔性网试验,对锚杆和钢丝绳网的参数进行研究与验证。实践表明： 1)采用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据可以较准确地进行岩爆预测及强度区域划分; 2)利用松动圈测试结果能大致判断隧道开挖后围岩破裂区域的深度; 3)相比传统支护技术,采用喷射混凝土+涨壳式预应力锚杆+柔性防护网的快速支护技术,每循环施工可节省用时约4 h,整个岩爆区段施工速度可提高30%~40%。