基于灰局势理论的交叉口安全设计综合决策模型

道路信号交叉口作为城市交通网络的重要节点,因交通运行复杂,是交通事故的集中发生地.为了降低交叉口事故发生的概率,并综合平衡各方面因素,科学地进行交通安全设计尤为重要.在多个设计方案比选过程中,综合决策模型的优劣直接决定了交通安全改善设计的实施效果.应用灰局势决策理论,选取交通事故折减系数(CRF)、工程费用、对绿化的影响、交叉口延误4项指标,结合专家打分确定各指标的权重,建立交通安全设计综合决策模型,并以实际交叉口的交通安全设计为例进行实证性研究.      

起重机电机拖动系统负载跟踪控制

为了使起重机电机拖动系统的电机以给定转速实时跟踪突变的负载转矩,通过等效折算得到了起升机构电机转子侧的等效转动惯量、等效负载转矩和电机拖动系统动力学方程;建立了按转子磁链定向同步旋转坐标系;应用转差角频率设计了跟踪负载转矩的矢量变频控制系统.实例计算表明:闭环系统的空载起动时间比开环系统快0.34 s,电机平稳起动,起动阶段开环和闭环系统的峰值电磁转矩差值达148 Nm;闭环系统电机消耗的电功率(综合节能的百分比)小于开环系统;在起动阶段,开环系统的峰值功率是闭环系统峰值功率的2.5倍.电机在空载起动阶段约节能50%,平稳运行阶段约节能30%.      

降雨入渗时沥青路面流固耦合作用的力学响应

应用ABAQUS软件建立降雨入渗条件下的沥青路面渗流有限元模型,得到相应的渗流规律和渗流场的分布状态;在建立合理的降雨渗流场边界的基础上,运用多孔介质流固耦合理论分析了沥青路面在渗水和行车荷载作用下的力学响应。研究表明:降雨入渗过程将会导致沥青路面内部饱和度和孔隙水压力出现显著的变化;在动态荷载的作用下,降雨入渗后的沥青路面内部各项应力指标呈现波动特性,孔隙水压力与流速出现了较大的正、负逆转。     

基于MIDAS/Civil的既有桥梁温度应力有限元分析

温度应力是大型桥梁结构开裂的重要影响因素之一。以既有典型桥梁为背景,参考我国公路桥梁设计规范,采用通用有限元程序MIDAS/Civil对该桥温度效应进行仿真分析,得到截面温度梯度和体系温变对该桥应力的影响规律,然后将截面温度梯度和体系温变进行线性组合,探讨它们对大桥内力的影响,并与实际检测的桥梁裂缝分布进行对比。同时,从理论角度计算得到跨中截面最大的弯矩与软件计算结果甚为接近,从而验证了软件计算的合理性,其有限元模拟得到的结论对该桥的维修加固及同类型桥梁的结构设计具有一定参考价值。     

钢管混凝土外加强环节点抗震性能有限元分析

钢管混凝土结构节点的抗震性能的研究一直受到人们的重视,低周反复加载试验结果指出,加强环式节点滞回曲线饱满且稳定,但同时也发现,在节点域会出现鼓胀现象.为了解释这一现象,对加强环式节点进行了低周反复加载非线性模拟分析.分析内容包括节点的滞回耗能指标、节点域变形及节点域塑性扩展三部分.研究指出:(1)节点的滞回曲线饱满稳定,耗散系数都在2.0以上,表明节点整体延性很好;(2)腹板焊缝孔开孔过大,节点滞回曲线有不重合现象,可见腹板焊缝孔尺寸需要控制;(3)节点域柱壁有明显的变形,规律与滞回曲线相似,表明节点滞回曲线主要是由柱壁变形而非梁端塑性变形贡献的;(4)在反复荷载作用初期,环板就出现了贯穿的塑性带,而在相隔相当长的荷载循环之后,梁面上才有塑性出现.由于在反复荷载作用下,节点域发生了明显的变形,且在环板上形成贯穿的塑性带.     

交通信息对出行行为的影响分析综述

针对制定交通信息采集与发布策略的需要,从出行目的、出行方式、出发时间和出行路径的角度,介绍了相关的典型研究成果,总结了交通信息对出行者出行行为影响研究的主要进展,分析了我国在相关研究中存在的问题和不足,并指出未来的研究方向.     

有限快拍下的小尺度矢量阵DOA算法

针对小尺度矢量水听器阵条件下ESPRIT算法目标方位估计精度低、多目标分辨能力弱的缺点,提出了一种基于酉变换的DOA改进算法.该方法无需计算观测数据的协方差矩阵,利用阵列的观测数据及共轭信息构造一中心Hermitian对称矩阵,根据酉变换原理将其转化为实数矩阵并用实值ESPRIT方法估计目标方位.由于利用了观测数据的共轭信息,相当于虚拟增加了阵元个数,改进算法有更高的DOA估计精度和多目标分辨能力,在快拍数与阵元数相当时改进算法比协方差方法有更小的计算复杂度.仿真分析结果证明了算法的有效性.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of various Mg-Li wrought alloys

Three kinds of ultra-light Mg-Li wrought alloys,Mg-5.5Li-3Al-1Zn-1Ce,Mg-7.0Li-3Al-1Zn-1Ce and Mg-10.5Li-3Al-1Zn-1Ce,were prepared by vacuum induction melting furnace;then the alloys were extruded and rolled.The microstructures and properties of these alloys were studied.The results indicate that the Mg-5.5Li3Al-1Zn-1Ce alloy has the highest strength,the Mg-10.5Li-3Al-1Zn-1Ce alloy has maximum elongation,and the Mg-7.0Li-3Al-1Zn-1Ce alloy has good comprehensive performance.Rolling deformation can increase strength further after extrusion deformation.     

Study on toughening on crack prevention of jointed rock masses with different pre-stress anchor cables

The major reason of the failure of jointed rock-mass is the formation of the plastic zone near the crack tip of I-II mixed crack which leads to the growth, propagation of the branched crack under load condition. In the paper, the failure judgment of mini-plastic zone??s displacement is derived by the Mises yielding rule. The anchor cable is simulated by the different link elements and inflicting pre-strains according to the difference of mechanism of the consolidated segment and free segment. The stress and strain fields near crack tip of twain collinear cracks of different angles and consolidated conditions are simulated by iso-parametric element with eight nodes. The iso-parametric element with eight nodes is degenerated to singular element at crick tip to simulate crack. It is shown that the mini plastic zone??s displacement near the crack tip begins to increase, then decreases with the increase of the angle of the crack. The better consolidated condition is, the smaller the angle of crack tip is when the mini plastic zone??s displacement near the crack tip arrives at the biggest value. The mini plastic zone??s displacement near the crack Tip 2 is bigger than that near the crack Tip 3. The crack is easier to failure with the increase of load.     

Ignition-proof properties of a high-strength Mg-Gd-Ag-Zr alloy

<正>A high-strength Mg-15.3Gd-l.8Ag-0.3Zr(GQ152K,mass fraction) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy process.The solution and aging(denoted as T6) treated alloy exhibits remarkable mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of 421 MPa and tensile yield strength of 309MPa.It has higher igniting temperature of 1208 K.Moreover,it can stand against flame at 1203 K for over 6 min in vertical burning tests, and its flammabiUty behavior is very similar to that of 6101A1 alloy.Vertical burning tests appear to be able to directly study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys and it appears to be a good approach to study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys in an aircraft fire accident.