面对入世中国应如何发展汽车工业

无论从中国的人口结构、收入水平、道路状况、消费者的消费心理，还是从世界汽车市场格局看，入世后，把轿车作为主要产品来发展都不是我国汽车工业的优势；而发展轻型商用车、农和车和大客车，可以发挥我国汽车工业的优势和长处。国家应给农用车、轻型商用车和大客车的开发提供更加广泛的生存和发展空间，应做好产品定位和市场定位工作，组织动态联盟企业，同时应在政策上给予支持。     

汽车发动机冷却系统计算机辅助设计

本文在前人已有成果的基础上，综合归纳了目前描述汽车散热器热力性能和阻力性能的常用计算模型，并结合大量的实验研究结果，建立了用于各类计算的性能数据库，在此基础上，编制了发动机冷却系统的ＣＡＤ软件。     

带锁止离合器的城市公共汽车电控液力机械变速器

本文介绍了由ＤＦＺＦＢ－３２３型带锁止离合器导轮可反转型的液力变矩器与动力换机械变速箱组成的ＧＹＢ－１００型新型城市公共汽车液力机械变速器及电子控制的结构特点，通过样车试验表明，城市公共汽车采用电子控制的液力机械变速器后，具有良好的起步，加速性能，易于驾驶，并且有良好的燃油经济性，提高了我国大客车的生产技术水平以及多种性能和可靠性水平，因而它是一种有发展前景的优于传统机械变速器的客车传动装置。     

增压器涡轮叶片设计方法研究

介绍了车用涡轮增压器涡轮叶片的一种新的设计方法。新设计的这种涡轮叶片截面形状为曲线形，叶片端部厚度减小，根部顾度增加，从而提高了叶片的自振频率，减小了叶片转动惯量，改善了涡轮工作的可靠性和发动机的加速性，该设计方法对于实现涡轮叶片的ＣＡＤ，ＣＡＭ有实用意义。     

软土地基桥台设计与受力分析

软土地基是桥台工程施工中重要的环节之一,对于整体桥梁的正常运行有着重要的影响。然而,由于很多设计人员在对软土地基桥台进行设计过程中,常常忽视了对软土地基的加固工作,导致桥台频繁出现塌陷、开裂的现象,甚至还会引发重大的安全事故,造成人员伤亡,严重危及人们的生命财产安全。因此,本文针对软土地基桥台设计进行研究探讨,并以实例分析软土地基桥台受力情况,以供参考。     

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group (SO group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (UTI group). Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfasion after 30 min of ischemia. In UTI group, UTI (2×104 U/kg) was administered to rats 30 min before modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group (P<0.05). The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group (P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical, and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfasion injury.     

A hybrid firefly algorithm for optimizing fractional proportional-integral-derivative controller in ship steering

In this paper, a new algorithm which integrates the powerful firefly algorithm(FA) and the ant colony optimization(ACO) has been used in tracking control of ship steering for optimization of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative(FOPID) controller gains. Particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is also used to optimize FOPID controllers, and their performances are compared. It is found that FA optimized FOPID controller gives better performance than others. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to see the robustness of optimum FOPID gains obtained at nominal conditions to wide changes in system parameters, and the optimum FOPID gains need not be reset for wide changes in system parameters.     

从大莱龙铁路投标谈如何提高报价内涵质量

通过复核工程数量、合理计算运杂费和灵活编制补充单价,以及在认真检查计算过程中存在的问题等方面,简述提高报价内涵质量.     

斜交框构桥计算方法对比

通过有限元模型从理论上分析探讨斜交框构桥的受力情况,并将平面框架和三维块单元模型的计算结果进行比较,证明随着框架宽度及斜交角度的加大,两种方法的计算结果相差越大。     

轿车等速驱动轴传动效率的试验研究

针对国产某型轿车采用的两种等速驱动轴,利用试验方法对该驱动轴的传动效率进行了试验研究,探讨了万向节夹角、使用工况和转速等对其传动效率的影响.试验结果表明,驱动轴的传动效率随万向节夹角的增大而减小,而且两侧万向节夹角相等时驱动轴整体的传动效率会有所改善;挡位(转速和转矩)对驱动轴传动效率的影响不明显,但是在大夹角状态下,传动效率随挡位升高有增大趋势;在外侧万向节夹角较大的条件下,如果转矩不变而转速降低,则传动效率明显减小.