Tire Lateral Force Estimation Using Kalman Filter

As for the tire analysis, lateral tire force is a fundamental factor that describes the stability of vehicle handling. Attempts to analyze the vehicle stability have been made based on various objective test methods and some specific factors such as yaw, lateral acceleration and roll angle. However, the problem to identify which axle is lack of the tire grip at a certain situation still remains. Since indoor tire force measurement system cannot represent a real road and vehicle conditions, tire force measurement through a real vehicle test is inevitable. Due to the high price of the tire force measurement device, tire force estimator can be an alternative toward cost reduction and device failure. In this paper, nonlinear planar full car model combined with tire model is proposed. Then, using discrete-time extended Kalman-Bucy filter (EKBF), individual tire lateral force are estimated with modified relaxation length model.     

Potential of Real-Time Cylinder Pressure Analysis by Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays

In this paper, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was used to implement a real-time cylinder pressure analysis. The goal of the project was to improve the accuracy of calculated heat release and center of combustion calculations to enhance the precision of engine control functions. Compared to today’s real-time pressure analysis systems, several additional physical effects were taken into account for this objective. The wall heat transfer was calculated based on the approach published by Hohenberg. A chemical equilibrium with six substances was assumed for the mixture composition and a real-time calculation method was developed. Furthermore, a two-zone model was adapted and implemented for this realtime analysis. The validation of the results and the rating of the improvement in precision were based on GT-SUITE simulation results as an offline reference tool. Compared to state-of-the-art analysis systems, it was possible to reduce the average error of the center of combustion position from 1.6° to 0.5° crank angle (CA) by taking the investigated effects into account. Moreover, it was possible to significantly reduce the time required for the calculation from one complete combustion cycle to 0.2°CA at an engine speed of 3,000 rpm by using a continuous calculation method on the FPGA. This led to an additional improvement of the ability to control the engine, especially under highly dynamic operation conditions.     

Structural Optimization for Roof Crush Test Using an Enforced Displacement Method

A roof crush test has been utilized to reduce passengers’ injuries from a vehicle rollover. The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 216 and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) perform actual vehicle tests and evaluate the vehicle’s ratings. Nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization can be employed not only for achievement of a high rating but also minimization of the weight. However, the technique needs a huge computation time and cost because many nonlinear dynamic response analyses are required in the time domain. A novel method is proposed for nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization regarding the roof crush test. The process of the proposed method repeats the analysis domain and the design domain until the convergence criteria are satisfied. In the analysis domain, the roof crush test is simulated using a high fidelity model of nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis. In the design domain, a low fidelity model of linear static response structural optimization is utilized with enforced displacements that come from the analysis domain. Correction factors are employed to compensate the differences between a nonlinear dynamic analysis response and a linear static analysis response with enforced displacement. A full-scale vehicle problem is optimized with a constraint on the rigid wall force from the analysis in the design domain.     

Selection of Actuator Combination in Integrated Chassis Control Using Taguchi Method

This paper presents a method to select the actuator combination in integrated chassis control using Taguchi method. Electronic stability control (ESC), active front and rear steering (AFS/ARS) are used as an actuator, which is needed to generate a control tire force. After computing the control yaw moment in the upper-level controller, it is distributed into the control tire forces, generated by ESC, AFS and ARS in the lower-level controller. In this paper, the weighted pseudo-inverse control allocation (WPCA) with variable weights is used to determine the control tire forces of each actuator. Taguchi method is adopted for sensitivity analysis on variable weights of WPCA in terms of the control performances such as the maneuverability and the lateral stability. For sensitivity analysis, simulation is performed on a vehicle simulation package, CarSim. From sensitivity analysis, the most effective actuator combination is selected.     

Mean Value WGT Diesel Engine Calibration Model for Effective Simulation Research

Recently, to improve vehicle fuel economy, as well as the performance of internal combustion engines, optimized system matching between a vehicle’s drivetrain and engine has become a very important technical issue. For this reason, the need for simulation research on engine and vehicle performance improvement has increased. But in general, since both engine simulation and vehicle simulation require initial engine calibration map input, a simple engine calibration method is required for the efficient configuration of various virtual engine calibration map setups. On this background, in this study, an example of waste gate turbocharger (WGT) cooled — exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) Diesel engine calibration using a test-based mean value engine model is presented as a suitable engine calibration map setting method. Also, the feasibility of an engine calibration model is confirmed through various engine tests. Using the simple model presented here, it is possible for diverse engine operating conditions and engine performance maps to be acquired.     

柴油发电机组公共底座的设计优化

按照技术要求,结合三维建模仿真软件对柴油发电机组公共底座进行设计。为避免与发电机组基频发生模态共振,在设计过程中需避开基频频率。根据设计模型,在总体尺寸及重量双重约束下,采用传统优化设计方法。先从降低模态频率的方法进行了设计优化,经过技术评审,根据专家意见,按提高模态频率的思路进行重新设计。进而总结出一套优化设计的方法与思路,为后续设计工作提供有利的帮助。     

船用柴油发电机组刚性连接方式的比较

利用有限元软件建立了船用柴油发电机组环形连接件和公共底座三维简化实体模型,通过模态计算,比较了两种连接件模态振型的频率、变形量和刚度,分析了环形连接件和公共底座在工程应用中的异同,并结合各自特点阐述了它们在工程领域的应用范围,为船用柴油发电机组的成套设计、制造和选型提供了参考。     

深圳市交通拥堵点治理研究—以宝安区为例

<正>随着我国城市化进程的加快以及私人小汽车的迅猛发展,城市道路交通拥堵问题日益严重,而道路节点是城市道路网络的重要组成部分,是城市道路交通中的瓶颈部位。本文在对深圳市交通运行现状以及道路交通节点特征调查的基础上,对深圳市宝安区典型拥堵节点进行了研究,并结合实例给出了具体改善方法和措施以及治理交通拥堵点的相关实施保障建议。     

基于运动学特性的双横臂悬架硬点位置优化

利用空间机构运动学和数值计算的方法对双横臂独立悬架系统进行了运动学分析,以悬架运动学特性设计曲线为优化目标,对悬架硬点的布置位置进行了优化。结果表明,按照优化后的硬点位置计算出的悬架运动学特性曲线与设计曲线基本一致,因此利用该方法可以快速实现对悬架硬点结构的优化布置,提高车辆性能。     

基于BP神经网络模型预测区域需水量

水资源短缺制约了区域经济的发展,成为其发展"瓶颈",对区域需水量进行预测提高了水资源的利用效率,对缓解水资源供需不平衡现象起到了显著的作用。该文应用BP神经网络对区域各部门需水量进行了预测,经实例验证不但精度可靠,而且可综合考虑各部门需水量的影响因素,对区域生态环境需水量也进行预测,这对改善生态环境,提高生活质量可起到重要作用。