溃坝模拟的光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其粘性特性(英文)

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian meshless particle method. It is one of the best method for simulating violent free surface flows in fluids and solving large fluid deformations. Dam breaking is a typical example of these problems. The basis of SPH was reviewed, including some techniques for governing equation resolution, such as the stepping method and the boundary handling method. Then numerical results of a dam breaking simulation were discussed, and the benefits of concepts like artificial viscosity and position correction were analyzed in detail. When compared with dam breaking simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the wave profile generated by SPH had good agreement, but the pressure had only reasonable agreement. Improving pressure results is clearly an important next step for research.     

船舶溢油监测方法的应用现状及发展趋势

介绍了可见光、红外、紫外、激光荧光、微波及电磁能量吸收等船舶溢油监测传感器的工作原理及优缺点;分析卫星遥感监测、飞机遥感监测、巡逻船监测、VTS监测、CCTV监测、定点监测和浮标监测等7种监测方法的研究、应用现状,并通过对比分析指出今后的发展趋势.     

URANS and DES analysis for a Wigley hull at extreme drift angles

Vortical structures and associated instabilities for flows around the Wigley hull for a wide range of drift angles (10° ≤ α ≤ 60°) with free surface are identified and analyzed. Quantitative verification and validation are conducted on three systematically refined grids with comparison to the experimental data for α = 10°. Analysis of the flow pattern shows a strong correlation between the vortical structures and free-surface wave elevation. For α = 10° and 30°, the flows remain steady and vortices are generated at the keel and fore and aft perpendiculars of the hull. The strength and complexity of these vortices increase with increasing α. At α = 45°, flow becomes unsteady without any significant change in the main flow pattern. At α = 60°, a complex and unsteady flow field on the leeward side of the hull is formed with a large recirculation region from the aft to the fore end, which prevents the flow coming from below the keel from moving up and generating the keel vortices observed at lower drift angles. Karman-like and helical instabilities are analyzed. The effect of Froude number is more apparent for large than for small drift angles.     

Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities

As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as to the community as a whole. Bicycling now accounts for less than 1 percent of all trips for all purposes in the U.S., but evidence from other western countries suggests that under the right conditions, bicycling levels can be significantly higher. Indeed, the experiences of some U.S. cities suggest that it is possible to create conditions conducive to higher levels of bicycling even in the U.S. However, the extent to which bicycle investments have contributed to bicycling levels in these communities has not been rigorously assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the determinants of bicycle ownership and use as a basis for identifying ways to promote bicycling. A cross-sectional study of six cities was designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual factors and social environment factors, using a nested logit model to examine ownership and use decisions jointly. The results show strong effects of individual attitudes and physical and social environment factors on bicycle ownership and use.     

钢-混组合索塔锚固结构的力学行为及结构优化

为了解斜拉桥钢-混组合索塔锚固结构的力学行为并对结构设计进行优化,以重庆嘉悦大桥为依托,通过足尺模型试验及非线性有限元分析的对比分析,对钢-混凝土组合索塔锚固结构的力学性能、荷载传递机理进行了研究;采用正交试验方法对索塔锚固区混凝土主拉应力进行参数敏感性分析,进而提出了结构优化设计参数. 研究结果表明:钢锚箱与混凝土塔壁的应力水平较低,应力分布均匀流畅;钢锚箱与混凝土塔壁的相对滑移值均很小,最大值仅0.029 mm;剪力键的抗剪刚度对混凝土端塔壁的主拉应力水平有较为显著的影响,当刚度增加5倍,混凝土端塔壁主拉应力减少了17.3%;该桥所采用的组合索塔锚固区结构参数是安全、经济的.      

浅谈船舶CAD技术从二维向三维模式转变

分析船舶CAD技术,看到现有AutoCAD设计软件的二维功能作为制图工具的局限性,提出发展三维CAD技术的必要性。     

薄层环氧桥面铺装材料低温性能研究

采用三点弯曲断裂、疲劳试验,室内加速加载磨耗试验和温缩系数试验研究薄层环氧铺装材料的低温性能。试验结果表明在-10℃时其弯拉断裂应变大于4 000μm/m。当加载的疲劳应变大于1 000μm/m时,仍表现出很好的低温抗疲劳性能。加速加载磨耗次数达到6万次后表面构造浓度大于1 mm,温缩系数为5.88×10-5/℃,水泥混凝土板表面浮浆清除和糙面处理可有效地增加界面黏结强度,以抵抗低温收缩应力,避免层间黏结不足而产生的脱层问题。     

商用车辆管理系统框架设计

为了改善我国的商用车辆管理问题,使交通更智能化和体系化,更安全和高效,该文章在对智能交通系统的整体框架进行了深入了解的基础上,借鉴美国商用车辆信息系统和网络(CVISN)的设计思想,采用自顶向下逐层分析的方法,从对商用车辆管理系统的用户服务分析入手,制定系统的逻辑框架,进而设计出了系统的物理框架模型。同时,对系统中的关键技术,如电子检查、证件管理、信息共享等的应用场景和管理流程进行了深入分析。通过系统的框架设计和关键技术分析结果,表明了商用车辆管理系统的技术可行性,也为日后智能交通管理的相关研究参考。     

基于BP神经网络的钢-混组合结构PBL剪力键承载力

为实现钢-混组合结构PBL剪力键极限承载力的准确预测,通过分析既有推出试验结果,对PBL剪力键的作用机理及破坏模式进行总结,确定PBL剪力键纵向抗剪承载力的主要影响因素为开孔直径、钢板厚度、混凝土抗压强度、贯穿钢筋直径、钢板屈服强度等.以神经网络理论为基础,选用误差反向传播(BP)神经网络算法模型,选取钢板厚度、开孔直...     

城市轨道交通智慧车站实施方案研究

研究城市轨道交通智慧车站实施方案,梳理近年来欧洲联盟及国内一些单位关于智慧车站的研究动向,介绍轨道交通智慧车站需求与内涵.以南昌地铁4号线智慧车站建设为例,设计智慧车站总体架构,分析智慧车站建设的技术难点,提出智慧车站实施方案.该方案已应用于南昌地铁4号线智慧车站的建设中,可为探索符合我国国情的智慧城市轨道交通发展路径...