基于分布式应力监测的桥梁支座转角和位移状态多级评估

支座病害已成为影响桥梁安全的主要因素之一,但常用的支座监/检测手段智能化、自动化程度低,时效性差。为实时掌握桥梁支座服役状态,提出了基于分布式应力监测的桥梁支座转角、位移状态多级评估方法。首先,介绍了适用于所提方法的智能盆式橡胶支座结构及应力测点布置;其次,提出了综合考虑橡胶板两主轴方向各测点应力变化特点的测点标准化应力比指标,并基于此设定了服役期支座转角、位移状态多级评估判据,然后以位于广东西南沿海的山竹沟垌中桥实际工程为例,确定了可用的智能盆式支座型号,建立了支座精细化有限元模型;最后,通过数值仿真分析对所提方法进行说明,明确了用于服役期支座转角、位移状态多级评估的各阈值取值。     

并行计算求解运动船体上的甲板上浪问题

甲板上浪是危害海洋浮式结构物的重要因素.文章采用模型试验方法对一艘FPSO的甲板上浪现象进行了考察.结合模型试验的结果,采用大规模并行计算技术成功再现了甲板上浪这一非线性极强的物理现象,有效地克服了计算时间的限制.数值模拟中对与上浪密切相关的物理参数如水体流动,船体的运动,冲击载荷进行了记录.为了保证数值模拟的精确性,文中开展了网格试验和时间步长试验,得到了适合甲板上浪模拟的网格划分方案和时间步长.由数值模拟得到的上浪细节相当详尽,如由VOF方法进行液面捕捉得到的波浪沿船艏爬升、变形、最后冲击船艏结构物破碎的过程与试验相比很为接近.计算实践表明采用大规模并行计算是解决上浪等非线性问题的町靠的、高效的途径.     

基于CAN总线的机舱数据组态监测报警系统

为了完成船舶机舱内各设施大量动态参数的采集与处理,提出基于CAN现场总线的组态技术的机舱监测报警系统的设计方案,完成系统的硬件配置,应用OPC技术、力控组态软件和Access数据库,设计系统软件,实现了机舱内的热工参数、液位参数及其他参数的集中监测、自动数据处理、自动报警和控制功能。     

溃坝模拟的光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其粘性特性(英文)

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian meshless particle method. It is one of the best method for simulating violent free surface flows in fluids and solving large fluid deformations. Dam breaking is a typical example of these problems. The basis of SPH was reviewed, including some techniques for governing equation resolution, such as the stepping method and the boundary handling method. Then numerical results of a dam breaking simulation were discussed, and the benefits of concepts like artificial viscosity and position correction were analyzed in detail. When compared with dam breaking simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the wave profile generated by SPH had good agreement, but the pressure had only reasonable agreement. Improving pressure results is clearly an important next step for research.     

船舶溢油监测方法的应用现状及发展趋势

介绍了可见光、红外、紫外、激光荧光、微波及电磁能量吸收等船舶溢油监测传感器的工作原理及优缺点;分析卫星遥感监测、飞机遥感监测、巡逻船监测、VTS监测、CCTV监测、定点监测和浮标监测等7种监测方法的研究、应用现状,并通过对比分析指出今后的发展趋势.     

基于航迹信息的舰船目标姿态角鲁棒估计

针对基于高分辨距离像的舰船目标识别中姿态角估计精度的问题,提出一种计算舰船目标运动姿态角的鲁棒性估计方法。该方法首先建立了目标姿态角估计模型,然后有针对性的对航迹数据的野值进行剔除,最后采用M-估计方法对航迹数据进行拟合,从而计算出目标的姿态角。经大量实测数据的验证表明,该方法不易受野值的影响,鲁棒性好,能满足高精度、实时估计舰船目标姿态角的要求。     

动力涡轮整体三维流场分析和验证

针对某燃气轮机四级动力涡轮采用NUMECA商业软件进行了三维黏性流场计算分析。并根据燃气轮机性能试验,提取动力涡轮特性参数,将计算得到的动力涡轮总体参数与试验得到的涡轮总体参数进行对比分析。发现其导叶采用了"后部加载"叶型及凹壁扩张与凸壁扩张相结合的子午型面技术,使其具有优良的气动性能。为分析叶冠对涡轮性能的影响,结合NUMECA软件特点,提出分块生成网格的方法,进行了单级涡轮带冠流场计算,并结合ASME的相关资料对其进行了分析。通过相关资料的分析,发现该涡轮导叶的"后部加载"特性尚不是太明显,其"后部加载"特性还有进一步"提升"的余地。为此,对涡轮第二级导叶进行了优化设计,优化后效率绝对值提高约0.5%,说明该涡轮效率还有一定的提升余地。     

载运卷钢船舶现场检查要点

针对当前载运卷钢船舶事故多发的态势,结合作者在检查载运卷钢船舶的实际工作,总结检查要点,归纳卷钢运输船舶违法行为的处罚法律依据,并提出了管理建议。     

风光发电系统在世博游轮上的应用

为体现上海世博会节能、环保、绿色的理念,将风光互补发电技术应用于世博游轮上,同时进行了容量计算、设备选型、经济论证等方面的分析研究。特别是对风光发电系统内的控制器功能要求作了较详细的阐述。     

URANS and DES analysis for a Wigley hull at extreme drift angles

Vortical structures and associated instabilities for flows around the Wigley hull for a wide range of drift angles (10° ≤ α ≤ 60°) with free surface are identified and analyzed. Quantitative verification and validation are conducted on three systematically refined grids with comparison to the experimental data for α = 10°. Analysis of the flow pattern shows a strong correlation between the vortical structures and free-surface wave elevation. For α = 10° and 30°, the flows remain steady and vortices are generated at the keel and fore and aft perpendiculars of the hull. The strength and complexity of these vortices increase with increasing α. At α = 45°, flow becomes unsteady without any significant change in the main flow pattern. At α = 60°, a complex and unsteady flow field on the leeward side of the hull is formed with a large recirculation region from the aft to the fore end, which prevents the flow coming from below the keel from moving up and generating the keel vortices observed at lower drift angles. Karman-like and helical instabilities are analyzed. The effect of Froude number is more apparent for large than for small drift angles.