Isolating high-priority metro and feeder bus transfers using smart card data

Fixed-rail metro (or ‘subway’) infrastructure is generally unable to provide access to all parts of the city grid. Consequently, feeder bus lines are an integral component of urban mass transit systems. While passengers prefer a seamless transfer between these two distinct transportation services, each service’s operations are subject to a different set of factors that contribute to metro-bus transfer delay. Previous attempts to understand transfer delay were limited by the availability of tools to measure the time and cost associated with passengers’ transfer experience. This paper uses data from smart card systems, an emerging technology that automatically collects passenger trip data, to understand transfer delay. The primary objective of this study is to use smart card data to derive a reproducible methodology that isolates high priority transfer points between the metro system and its feeder-bus systems. The paper outlines a methodology to identify transfer transactions in the smart card dataset, estimate bus headways without the aid of geographic location information, estimate three components of the total transfer time (walking time, waiting time, and delay time), and isolate high-priority transfer pairs. The paper uses smart card data from Nanjing, China as a case study. The results isolate eight high priority metro-bus transfer pairs in the Nanjing metro system and finally, offers several targeted measures to improve transfer efficiency.     

双点腐蚀缺陷对管道剩余寿命的影响

腐蚀是造成油气管道失效和破坏的主要原因之一。在腐蚀严重区域,由于同时存在单点腐蚀和双点腐蚀,管道面临着更大的失效和破坏风险。若仍按单点腐蚀预测该区域管道的剩余寿命,进行可靠性分析,会造成较大的分析误差。文中应用Monte Carlo法,分别计算单点腐蚀和双点腐蚀的失效概率。通过比较分析发现:由于双点腐蚀的相互作用,管道的失效概率明显增加,剩余强度和剩余寿命减小;随着双点腐蚀蚀坑间距的不断增加,其失效概率不断降低,最终趋于单点腐蚀失效概率。     

巴曲河大桥工程质量检测技术分析

做好桥梁工程质量检测,是科学评价工程质量的重要途径,桥梁检测是一项复杂性、专业性较强的工作,本文以巴曲河大桥工程为例,对桥梁质量检测的主要内容、技术要点、检测方法等进行了介绍。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

Estimation of origin-destination matrices from link traffic counts on congested networks

Conventional methods for estimating origin-destination (O-D) trip matrices from link traffic counts assume that route choice proportions are given constants. In a network with realistic congestion levels, this assumption does not hold. This paper shows how existing methods such as the generalized least squares technique can be integrated with an equilibrium traffic assignment in the form of a convex bilevel optimization problem. The presence of measurement errors and time variations in the observed link flows are explicitly considered. The feasibility of the model is always guaranteed without a requirement for estimating consistent link flows from counts. A solution algorithm is provided and numerical simulation experiments are implemented in investigating the model's properties. Some related problems concerning O-D matrix estimation are also discussed.     

城市公交线路模态工况构建方法研究

采用GPS设备对西安城市公交典型线路的运行工况进行实测,分别运用瞬态转模态方法和多目标优化法构建出城市客车模态工况.以8个特征参数相对误差为标准,对两种方法的精度进行了对比研究.研究表明,两种方法均能有效地完成工况构建,其中多目标优化法精度最高,瞬态转模态方法简单快捷,从而为工况构建方法的选取提供了思路和数据验证.     

PA66-GF30透光率对激光透射焊接性能的影响

通过对不同及相同厚度的本色和黑色激光透射PA66-GF30材料进行透光率测试,对焊接后的试样进行拉拔测试.文章分析了厚度对透光率的影响,相同厚度材料颜色、透光率对焊接强度的影响.结果表明,随着厚度的升高材料透光率下降;相同厚度材料的透光率升高,其焊接强度也依次升高,且本色与黑色的PA66-GF30焊接强度要高于黑色与黑...     

问题式教学在《汽车构造》网络授课中的实践应用

文章通过对问题式教学的理论分析,结合疫情期间开展网络授课的教学过程,通过理论分析和实践教学来探索问题式教学在网络教学过程中的开展方式,以此构建基于网络教学生成问题、回答问题、解决问题和检验问题的问题式教学模式,从而提高网络授课的教学效果,培养学生自主学习的能力.     

基于实训基地中职汽修专业教学模式构建探究

职业院校是培养专业技术人才的摇篮.而汽修专业是一门实践性很强的学科,要切实提高学生的汽车维修技术,大量的实践教学必不可少,这将有利于提高学生的专业素养以及实操能力,为学生夯实就业基础.因此,中职汽修专业实训基地的建设极为重要.尤其是如今人们生活水平大步提升,汽车已在我国获得普及应用.近年来私家车数量陡增,而汽修专业人才...     

汽车螺柱焊接质量监测系统应用研究与行业影响

汽车螺柱自动焊接 质量受影响的因素较多,如板材尺寸变化、表面清洁度、焊接参数、焊接轨迹等均可能造成螺柱焊接不良,因此存在螺柱焊接开焊、内部存在瑕疵的风险较大。2019年,根据大众康采恩质量标准,汽车螺柱焊接检验标准除三检件时可利用力矩检查外,其余零件只可用目视检查,不允许使用橡胶锤敲击螺柱。但目视检查无法对存在问题的螺柱准确进行检测,也因此提高了汽车螺柱的质量风险。本文以一汽-大众汽车有限公司长春生产焊装二车间实际项目使用经验,汽车螺柱焊接质量监测系统在汽车制造业使用的应用实例与分析研究,重点介绍汽车螺柱焊接质量监测系统基本构成、工作方案,尤其该系统对汽车制造行业产生的深远影响。