一种新型铁垫板下的弹性垫板

为降低扣件的刚度,满足无砟轨道高弹性的要求,设计了一种部分支承沟槽型铁垫板下橡胶垫板。运用有限元方法,利用超弹单元Mooney-Rivlin本构模型,建立了弹性垫板、铁垫板、混凝土支座计算的模型。在满足强度要求的前提下,通过纵向、横向沟槽的数量、尺寸以及橡胶邵氏A硬度来调整橡胶垫板的刚度,分析其对弹性垫板刚度和受力的影...     

基于物元理论的地铁消防系统安全可靠性评价

地铁消防系统的安全可靠性是地铁安全的重要性内容。本文综合考虑地铁消防系统的特征指标,以物元分析对地铁消防系统安全可靠性进行评价,根据评价结果找出其薄弱环节及管理重点。通过具体案例研究,知物元分析不仅可以得出评价对象的评价等级,还可以对同一等级的对象进行细致地评判,从而说明物元分析法在地铁消防系统安全可靠性评价中优于层次...     

公路隧道喷射聚脲弹性体防水应用研究

通过理论分析、室内试验、现场试验等,对喷射聚脲弹性体防水机理、材料、工艺等进行了研究,获得了从材料、机具到工艺的新型成套喷射聚脲弹性体防水技术.该技术采用超速固化喷射施工方式,具有整体无缝成膜、防水性能优异的特点,解决了在公路隧道背水面垂直边墙、拱顶均匀成膜和潮湿基面黏贴问题,能弥补目前防水技术存在的一些缺陷,为公路隧...     

基于模糊控制的车辆侧倾稳定性联合仿真

利用ADAMS/Car建立起车辆虚拟样机模型,通过试验验证了模型的正确性;在模糊控制方法的基础上,设计出横摆角速度反馈控制器和质心侧偏角反馈模糊控制器,以及两者联合反馈控制的模糊控制器;最后通过ADAMS/Car与MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真对这3种控制器进行研究.为车辆侧倾稳定性控制提供了一种有效的方法.     

Statistical and dynamical analyses of propagation mechanisms of solitary internal waves in a two-layer stratification

The blocking effect of submarine ridges on the propagation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) over the topography of the seabed results in the fission of the solitary waves that accompany the generation of reflected and transmitted waves. In this study, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used to investigate the inseparable relationship between the transmission and reflection. An examination of the error sums of squares and cross-products (SSCP) matrix and the correction matrix shows that the correlation between the transmission (at/ai) and reflection coefficients (ar/ai) is quite low (0.284). Moreover, from multivariate testing, including Pillai’s trace, Wilks’ lambda, Hotelling’s trace and Roy’s largest root, we conclude that the ridge height has a large effect (η = 0.456) on both the amplitude of the transmitted and reflected waves, as well as large (η = 0.411) and very large (η = 0.469) effects on the amplitudes of the transmitted and reflected waves, respectively. In conclusion, the results in the present study highlight the importance of the role played by ridge height in coherent ISW transmission and reflection during oceanic wave–ridge interactions.     

Broaching prediction of a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders

The new intact stability criteria which are under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are required to cover a broaching phenomenon, well known as a great threat to high-speed vessels which can lead to capsizing. Some reports exist which demonstrate that their numerical models can predict a highly nonlinear phenomenon of broaching. However, additional validation studies are needed for unconventional vessels, in addition to conventional ones, to develop direct stability assessment methods for the new intact stability criteria. In this research, we selected as the subject ship a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders, a design expected to be one of a new generation of high-speed monohull ships. Firstly, a series of captive model tests were conducted to measure the resistance, the manoeuvring forces, the wave-exciting forces, the heel-induced hydrodynamic forces, and the roll restoring variation for the unconventional tumblehome vessel. Secondly, the existing mathematical model which had been developed for broaching prediction of conventional vessels with a single propeller and a single rudder was extended to unconventional vessels with twin propellers and twin rudders. Finally, comparisons between numerical simulations and the existing free running model experiments were conducted. As a result, it was demonstrated that fair quantitative prediction of broaching is realised when the rudder force variation, the roll restoring variation and the heel-induced hydrodynamic force for large heel angles are taken into account.     

Parametric rolling prediction in irregular seas using combination of deterministic ship dynamics and probabilistic wave theory

In recent years there have been reports of serious accidents of parametric rolling for modern container ships and car carriers. For avoiding such accidents, a prediction method of parametric rolling in irregular seas is required. Since parametric rolling is practically non-ergodic, repetitions of numerical simulations or experiments could be not feasible to ascertain the behaviour. Therefore, in this paper, a method combining a stochastic approach with a deterministic approach in order to estimate the probabilistic index without such simple repetitions is developed. The ship's response in regular seas is estimated by solving an averaged system of the original 1-DoF roll model, and random waves necessary for occurrence of parametric rolling is achieved by using Longuet-Higgins’s or Kimura’s wave group theory. As a result, a fast and robust computation method of the probabilistic index is established. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed method is considered to be one of the useful tools for discussing the new IMO Intact Stability Code.     

Hydroelasto-plasticity approach to predicting the post-ultimate strength behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves

Dynamic collapse behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves is investigated; post-ultimate strength behavior is the focus. Firstly, a simulation method is proposed. Assuming that a plastic hinge is formed during the collapse of the hull girder, the whole ship is modeled as two rigid bodies connected amidship via a nonlinear rotational spring. The post-ultimate strength behavior, such as the reduction of load carrying capacity due to buckling and yielding, is reflected in the model. Hydrodynamic loads are evaluated by using nonlinear strip theory to account for the effect of large plastic deformations on the loads. A scaled model for validation of the simulation is designed and fabricated. Then a series of tank tests is conducted using the scaled model to validate the simulation results. Post-ultimate strength behavior characteristics in waves are clarified by using the numerical and tank test results. It is shown that the hull girder collapses rapidly after reaching ultimate strength, and then the plastic deformation grows until unloading starts at the collapsed section. Finally, several parametric dependencies of the extent of the collapse behavior are discussed based on a series of the simulations.     

波罗的海干散货运价指数波动性研究

为把握国际干散货市场运价指数的波动特征,规避航运经营风险,建立基于广义的自回归条件异方差(GARCH)的运价指数波动模型.选取四种船型的波罗的海干散货运价指数BCI、BPI、BHI、BSI作为研究的样本数据.利用EVIEWS软件,通过分析样本数据的基本统计特征和ARCH效应检验等,对四种船型分别建立了GARCH(1,1)模型.实例验证表明模型能很好地反映波罗的海干散货运价指数波动的敏感性和持续性规律,从而可为航运经营提供决策支持.     

水动推进力及其应用

考虑到三维效应和重力影响,提出研究设置导流槽的船底在水面滑行激起的流场以及作用在槽和船底浸湿面上的水动力。该导流槽的顶部曲面前低后高,对船底基面形成倾角。运用严谨的数学物理方法解决问题,求得描绘三维流场状况的解析函数．由此获得船艇前进时出现在槽顶部曲面上推船艇前进的水动推进力和向上的水动升力定量值的解析表述式。将船底浸湿面设计成设置导流槽的外形,建成实船试航,通过卫星跟踪的GPS系统实测获得的数据证明了水动推进力的存在,且它随着航速的提高而迅速增大,于是船速以及稳定性、安全性均得以犬,幅提高。实船设计时,可通过合理调整表述式中的物理参数,设计建造整体性能远优于常规船艇的实船。