关于公路建设项目经济评价的几点思考

经济评价是通过财务评价和国民经济评价,分析项目的经济合理性和财务合理性,并作为项目是否建设的重要决定要素之一。交通量预测、评价指标的选取、征地补偿费用与土地机会成本、国民经济效益等计量的正确与否将直接影响项目经济评价的结果。     

勘察设计企业成本核算工作探究

结合勘察设计企业项目成本核算的特点,阐述了做好项目成本核算的意义、项目成本核算的实施。并对项目成本进行分析,针对其存在的问题,提出相关改进建议。     

钢筋混凝土箱形拱桥现浇施工方案比较

钢筋混凝土箱型拱桥在无支墩拱式拱架上现浇施工时,若跨度较大,拱圈一般采用分环分段的施工方法。采用该方法施工时,先期形成的混凝土拱环与拱架的横向联合作用明显。通过两种分环方案的对比分析发现,不同的分环方案横向联合作用强度也有所差别。采用一个最优分环方案,可以利用已形成的拱环与拱架在横向的。联合作用,增加横向刚度,有利于提高施工过程中的横向稳定性。     

钢管混凝土拱桥空间地震反应谱分析

对一座钢管混凝土拱桥,进行了空间有限元模拟分析,应用大型通用有限元程序ANSYS对大桥建立了模型,解决了桥梁细部诸如支座、刚臂等细节的处理;最后对大桥的有限元模型进行了动力特性计算,得到了振型、频率的数据,可以对大桥的动力性能做出评价,有助于今后建立大桥的档案和健康诊断评估。     

Development of analytical procedure for selection of control measures to reduce congestions at various freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM) affect freeway traffic operations in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on system travel time. The primary objective of this study is to propose an analytical procedure to help determine which control measure should be selected given different freeway bottlenecks and traffic conditions. The bottlenecks considered included an isolated merge bottleneck, a merge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream off-ramp, and a diverge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream on-ramp. Two RM and a VSL control strategies were considered, including the ALINEA, ALINEA/Q and feedback based VSL. The maximum achievable improvements in system efficiency by various control measures were calculated and the results were tested using modified cell transmission models. A coordinated control strategy that combined ALINEA/Q and VSL control was also proposed. The effects of VSL and RM control on system travel time at different freeway bottleneck areas were compared to identify the applicable conditions of different control measures. The analytical procedure was proposed for the selection of control measures at different bottlenecks and the ex-ante estimation of control effects were also discussed.     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

川藏铁路某隧道不明气体成因机制研究

为解决复杂地质条件地区隧道工程建设中出现的不明气体问题,以川藏铁路某隧道出现不明气体为切入点,结合工程地质学、地球化学等学科交叉的研究方法与思路,对该不明气体的成因机制及演化特征进行研究,探索一种研究不明气体的新思路。基于现场采样测试与全天候监测,总结分析该不明气体成分特征及其演化规律,得出该不明气体为混合成因气体;同时,从不明气体的工程地质条件入手,着眼于区域油气资源和煤系地层的分布及区域地质构造、岩石裂隙发育情况,排除不明气体由其他地区运移而来的可能;在此基础上,进行岩石室内试验,通过对不明气体赋存环境进行地球化学分析,分别论证气体的有机成因及无机成因,得出该不明气体是原地产生的,经历了有机成因和无机成因2个阶段且储量有限,对工程后期影响不大,为隧道后期顺利施工提供了指导。     

Numerical Analysis of the Mixture Formation in a Two-Stroke Wall-Guided LPG DI Engine for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

The use of automotive LPG characteristics which are easy to evaporate vaporization and carry. The paper presents a design of extended-range electric vehicle for wall-guided two stroke LPG engine with direct injection combustion system. Based on the modified vehicle LPG spray model, a database describing the characteristics of vehicle LPG fuel was built and imported into the CFD software. And the accuracy of the model is verified by the Schlieren experimental results. The concentration and velocity field of the mixture in the cylinder under different load conditions are numerically analyzed. The analyzed result indicated that the start injection time θ = 60°–70°CA BTDC under part load condition, the plug electrode near the gathering of a richer mixture is easy to be fired at spark ignition time, the obvious formation of mixture in cylinder is formed and the overall air-fuel ratio is above 40: 1. The start-transition working condition and large load conditions in the piston moves upward before closing the exhaust port to start injection LPG. The optimized LPG injection start time θ ensures that the fresh gas is locked in the cylinder when the exhaust port is closed (63°CA ABDC). In the ignition time of the spark plug, an ideal homogeneous mixture in the cylinder is realized.     

Tire wear estimation based on nonlinear lateral dynamic of multi-axle steering vehicle

This paper presents a novel nonlinear dynamic model of a multi-axle steering vehicle to estimate the lateral wear amount of tires. Firstly, a 3DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamic model is developed, including dynamic models of the hydropneumatic suspension, tire, steering system and toe angle. The tire lateral wear model is then built and integrated into the developed vehicle model. Based on the comparison of experimental and simulation results, the nonlinear model is proved to be better than a linear model for the tire wear calculation. In addition, the effects of different initial toe angles on tire wear are analyzed. As simulation results shown, the impact of the dynamic toe angle on the tire wear is significant. The tire wear amount will be much larger than that caused by normal wear if the initial toe angle increases to 1° - 1.5°. The results also suggest that the proposed nonlinear model is of great importance in the design and optimazation of vehicle parameters in order to reduce the tire wear.     

基于CC工法建造的地下结构受力分析

CC工法作为一种新型地下暗挖技术,为地下工程暗挖施工提供了新的思路,其核心思想是将机械化暗挖小断面结构转换为大断面地下空间建筑结构。为了研究CC工法的结构受力情况,满足CC工法的工法特点需要,使结构安全可靠经济适用,故设计和分析其单元结构和整体结构,并结合CC工法的具体工程应用案例,选取CC工法的3个主要工况进行结构受力分析和设计,得到不同工况的弯剪轴力结果。结果表明： 设计方法和思路较为全面,设计结果安全可靠,能够较好地满足工程需要;同时,研究也为CC工法结构分析和设计提供了方法和依据,为今后相关工程提供了一定的参考。