One-dimensional model on fuel penetration in diesel sprays with gas flow

In diesel engine, spray penetration is usually changed by in-cylinder gas flow. Accurate prediction on diesel spray with gas flow is important to the optimal design of diesel fuel injection system. This paper presents a theory investigation focusing on the penetration of diesel spray with gas flow. In order to understand the effect of gas flow on the penetration of diesel spray, a one-dimensional spray model is developed from an idealized diesel spray, which is able to predict the spray behavior under different gas flow conditions. The ambient gas flow is simplified as ideal flow that has only constant flow velocity along x-axial and y-axial directions of spray. The x-axial and y-axial directions are respectively defined as along and vertical spray directions. The main assumption is that the y-axial direction gas flow has no effect on the penetration of spray along x-axial direction. The principles of conservation of mass and momentum are used in the derivation. Momentum of in-cylinder air flow is also taken into consideration. Validation of the model at stable condition is achieved by comparing model predictions with experimental measurements of diesel spray without gas flow from Naber's experiments. Furthermore, CFD simulations on penetration of diesel spray with gas flow were performed with the commercial code AVL-fire. The onedimensional model is validated by the penetration results with gas flow from CFD calculation. Results show that a reasonable estimation of the spray evolution can be obtained for both with and without ambient gas flow conditions.     

Experimental study of EGR cooler regeneration aided by oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP

Based on non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology fed by oxygen and air as the gas source respectively, the experimental system of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler regeneration was built to do a study at different regeneration temperatures. By measuring the concentration of main active substance and CO_x in regeneration process, the influence of temperature on regeneration aided by oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP was investigated. The experimental results indicate that EGR cooler can be regenerated both by air-fed NTP and oxygen-fed NTP at a wide temperature range of 18 °C ～ 300 °C. By comparison of the regeneration with oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP, it can be easily known that the regeneration effect is most remarkable at 150 °C with oxygen-fed NTP and at 120 °C with air-fed NTP. In addition, when the temperature is below 150 °C especially at 120 °C, the regeneration efficiency of air-fed NTP is lower than oxygen-fed NTP, nevertheless, when the temperature is above 150 °C, air-fed NTP has a superiority in regeneration and the higher the temperature is, the more obvious the superiority will be.     

Multi-axle vehicle dynamics stability control algorithm with all independent drive wheel

The stability driving characteristic and the tire wear of 8-axle vehicle with 16-independent driving wheels are discussed in this paper. The lateral stability of 8-axle vehicle can be improved by the direct yaw moment which is generated by the 16 independent driving wheels. The hierarchical controller is designed to determine the required yaw torque and driving force of each wheel. The upper level controller uses feed-forward and feed-backward control theory to obtain the required yaw torque. The fuzzification weight ratio of two control objective is built in the upper level controller to regulate the vehicle yaw and lateral motions. The rule-based yaw moment distribution strategy and the driving force adjustment based on the safety of vehicle are proposed in the lower level controller. The influence of rear steering angle is considered in the distribution of driving force of the wheel. Simulation results of a vehicle double lane change show the stability of 8-axle vehicle under the proposed control algorithm. The wear rate of tire is calculated by the interaction force between the tire and ground. The wear of tire is different from each other for the vehicle with the stability controller or not.     

基于动水及桩-土-结构相互作用的斜拉桥地震响应分析

为了得到更为符合实际情况的跨江大桥动力稳定性的地震反应分析,在桥梁抗震研究中必须综合考虑动水及桩-土-结构的相互作用。基于此,结合某斜拉桥,采用基于Morison方程的动水力简便计算方法来模拟水对桥梁下部结构的动水压力,通过大型有限元程序Midas/Civil分别建立了没有考虑动水及桩土效应和考虑动水及桩土效应两种情形下的计算模型,通过输入El-Centro波分析了动水及桩土效应对斜拉桥结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。分析表明动水及桩土效应对斜拉桥动力特性和地震反应的影响较大,因此在对跨江斜拉桥结构进行抗震分析时,应考虑动水及桩土效应对其动力反应的影响。     

内河LNG燃料船透气管出口高度评估研究

为合理制定内河液化天然气(LNG)燃料船透气管出口高度标准,在保证船舶安全前提下,解决通航桥梁限制问题,本文基于单一故障原则和风险评估方法,对内河典型LNG燃料船透气管出口高度进行了评估。根据假定船型的布置特点和航行条件,结合出口高度和型式,选定了24种天然气释放场景,利用理想气态方程计算了天然气的释放速率和持续时间,采用三维计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLACS进行天然气扩散波及范围模拟分析。结合天然气扩散接受准则,给出了制定透气管出口高度标准的最小值,对中国船级社《天然气燃料动力船舶规范》合理性进行了验证。针对内河LNG燃料船的航行特点,推荐一种新型透气管出口布置型式。     

导管螺旋桨的推力、进速与诱导速度沿盘面的分布特征

运用计算流体力学方法对在不同工况中导管螺旋螺旋桨的推力、转矩以及螺旋桨周围的流场特性进行观察,对导管螺旋桨盘面处的进速、诱导速度的沿盘面的分布以及螺旋桨所发出的推力与周围速度场之间的关系进行分析。计算结果表明,由于导管出口处激发出的下游尾涡作用,螺旋桨推力、转矩、盘面的进速以及诱导速度分量的时域过程表现出了一种多次峰谷值振荡变化的动力学特征;轴向进速是影响螺旋桨推力、转矩变化的主要因素。     

燃料电池发动机系统空气加湿器实验研究

由于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)性能受反应气体的湿度影响很大,进气湿度必须加以控制,其大致范围应高于80%,低于100%。电解质的质子传导能力与水含量成正比,但水分含量又不能过高,否则会引起电解质淹没。当PEMFC在不加湿的情况下,工作温度升高60℃时,反应气体会非常干燥,这对质子交换膜是灾难性的,所以对反应气体加湿必不可少。通过实验证明了某型加湿器能够满足车用燃料电池发动机的需要。     

大体积高墩盖梁剪力销法设计与施工技术

以泸州泰安长江大桥工程为例,介绍了大体积高墩盖梁剪力销法支撑体系的设计与施工,及其施工中应注意的有关问题.     

上埋式拱涵应变分布特性及有限元分析

为研究高填路堤下涵洞的病害机理,对上埋式拱涵的应变分布特性进行了研究。通过对现场某实际拱涵应变的观测和有限元分析,在计算结果与工程实测吻合较好的条件下,得到了拱涵的应变分布特性。结果表明,在拱涵涵顶下部的拉应变最大,侧墙上部的应变较大,上拱45°位置的应变较小;填土荷载产生的混凝土裂缝最易在涵洞顶端下部出现,需补强。埋入EPS不仅能减小涵顶的最大竖向土压力,而且能全面改善涵拱结构的应变分布状况,从而改善涵洞断面混凝土的受力,能大幅降低涵洞混凝土的应变状态。     

泰然酶固化土拌和质量的灰色评价

应用灰色评价方法,从各评估指标总体水平和各测点总体水平两方面人手,对泰然酶固化土的拌和质量进行评估。实例表明该方法在固化土拌和质量评价中具有较好的应用价值。