出口集装箱堆场取箱作业优化模型研究

集装箱装卸效率直接影响船舶靠港停泊时间，倒箱操作是影响装卸效率的主要因素．文中建立了龙门式起重机小车取箱作业优化模型，以龙门式起重机取箱作业时倒箱数量最少为目标，以各个取箱阶段为节点、以取箱代价为边的权数，应用最小生成树和启发式算法对优化模型进行求解,根据最小生成树的性质，本模型可获得倒箱数最少的优化装船顺序，提高装卸作业的效率．     

空车调整最小费用的合理分摊

借助多人合作对策的思想建立了铁路空车调整问题中最小费用合理分摊的数学模型，给出了建立理想分摊向量和特征函数的一种方法，并提供了具体解法，比较有效地解决了空车调整中最小费用的合理分摊问题，为最优调运方案的实际实施提供了前提和保障。     

人脾脏巨噬细胞的分离与纯化

目的　探索分离纯化大量人脾脏巨噬细胞 (MΦ)的方法。方法　选取 10例手术切除的脾脏 ,机械研磨法获得脾脏组织细胞混悬液。采用贴壁培养的方法进行MΦ的分离与纯化 ,相差显微镜下动态观察 ,明确贴壁培养的合适时间 ,详细记录MΦ分离纯化过程各步骤所需时间。收获的MΦ ,台盼蓝染色判定活力并计数 ,统计出平均每克脾脏组织收获的MΦ数及其纯度。相差显微镜、透射电镜观察分离纯化MΦ的形态特征。结果　分析贴壁培养各时间段的细胞纯度及活力 ,确定MΦ培养的合适时间为 2～ 3h。贴壁培养纯化后 ,平均从每克脾脏组织可收获 (0 .2 5± 0 .0 3)× 10 8个MΦ ,纯度为 (90± 5 ) % ,细胞活力≥ 99% ,细胞结构及各种细胞器结构均完整。结论　贴壁培养方法分离纯化人脾脏MΦ是成功可行的 ,收获的MΦ数量大、纯度高、活力好 ,为脾脏MΦ功能的深入研究奠定了基础     

新建桥梁设计高度影响因素分析

对新建桥梁设计高度的影响因素进行系统地分析 ,尤其对其中最主要的因素———设计洪水位的合理性进行深入的论述 ,提出了用综合对比法确定设计桥高的新概念。     

Simulation of hydrodynamic performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors

The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation     

Study on collision between two ships using selected parameters in collision simulation

In the present analysis, several parameters used in a numerical simulation are investigated in an integrated study to obtain their influence on the process and results of this simulation. The parameters studied are element formulation, friction coefficient, and material model. Numerical simulations using the non-linear finite element method are conducted to produce virtual experimental data for several collision scenarios. Pattern and size damages caused by collision in a real accident case are assumed as real experimental data, and these are used to validate the method. The element model study performed indicates that the Belytschko-Tsay element formulation should be recommended for use in virtual experiments. It is recommended that the real value of the friction coefficient for materials involved is applied in simulations. For the study of the material model, the application of materials with high yield strength is recommended for use in the side hull structure.     

Epistemic-based investigation of the probability of hazard scenarios using Bayesian network for the lifting operation of floating objects

Owing to the increase in unprecedented accidents with new root causes in almost all operational areas, the importance of risk management has dramatically risen. Risk assessment, one of the most significant aspects of risk management, has a substantial impact on the system-safety level of organizations, industries, and operations. If the causes of all kinds of failure and the interactions between them are considered, effective risk assessment can be highly accurate. A combination of traditional risk assessment approaches and modern scientific probability methods can help in realizing better quantitative risk assessment methods. Most researchers face the problem of minimal field data with respect to the probability and frequency of each failure. Because of this limitation in the availability of epistemic knowledge, it is important to conduct epistemic estimations by applying the Bayesian theory for identifying plausible outcomes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm and demonstrate its application in a case study for a light-weight lifting operation in the Persian Gulf of Iran. First, we identify potential accident scenarios and present them in an event tree format. Next, excluding human error, we use the event tree to roughly estimate the prior probability of other hazard-promoting factors using a minimal amount of field data. We then use the Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) to calculate the probability of human error. On the basis of the proposed event tree, we use the Bayesian network of the provided scenarios to compensate for the lack of data. Finally, we determine the resulting probability of each event based on its evidence in the epistemic estimation format by building on two Bayesian network types: the probability of hazard promotion factors and the Bayesian theory. The study results indicate that despite the lack of available information on the operation of floating objects, a satisfactory result can be achieved using epistemic data.     

CFD-based method of determining form factor <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis> for different ship types and different drafts

The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low-speed model test. However, this method is problematic for ships with bulbous bows and transom. In this article, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based method is introduced to obtain k for different type of ships at different drafts, and a comparison is made between the CFD method and the model test. The results show that the CFD method produces reasonable k values. A grid generating method and turbulence model are briefly discussed in the context of obtaining a consistent k using CFD.     

A simulation-based probabilistic design method for arctic sea transport systems

When designing an arctic cargo ship, it is necessary to consider multiple stochastic factors. This paper evaluates the merits of a simulation-based probabilistic design method specifically developed to deal with this challenge. The outcome of the paper indicates that the incorporation of simulations and probabilistic design parameters into the design process enables more informed design decisions. For instance, it enables the assessment of the stochastic transport capacity of an arctic ship, as well as of its long-term ice exposure that can be used to determine an appropriate level of ice-strengthening. The outcome of the paper also indicates that significant gains in transport system cost-efficiency can be obtained by extending the boundaries of the design task beyond the individual vessel. In the case of industrial shipping, this allows for instance the consideration of port-based cargo storage facilities allowing for temporary shortages in transport capacity and thus a reduction in the required fleet size / ship capacity.     

Experimental study on reflection coefficient of curved perforated plate

A set of experiments is carried out in a towing tank to study the effects of the curvature of perforated plates on the wave reflection coefficient (C _r ). The curvature of a perforated plate can be changed by rotating a reference perforated plate aboutits origin according to the parabolic equation y=?x ². A plunger-type wave maker is used to generate regular waves. The reflection coefficients are calculated using Goda and Suzuki’s (1976) method. The results are compared with those of vertical or sloped passive wave absorbers. The comparison shows that a perforated plate with a curved profile is highly efficient in terms of reducing the wave reflection coefficient. A correlation is established to estimate the reflection coefficient of curved perforated plates as a function of both flow and geometry characteristics.