纤维沥青混合料在多年冻土地区的应用

通过两种纤维沥青混合料的马歇尔、低温抗裂、冻融劈裂、高温车辙等试验与试验路修筑观测,分析了纤维沥青混合料在多年冻土地区的适用性。研究得出,在相同沥青含量下,纤维沥青混合料的密度明显减小,空隙率和矿料间隙率增大,沥青饱和度、稳定度和流值有所降低。纤维沥青混合料的蠕变速率及其对沥青含量的敏感性减小,弯拉应变增大,柔性明显增强。在相同沥青含量下,纤维沥青混合料的抗冻性有所降低,但实际应用中通过提高最佳沥青用量,可以缓解这种不利的影响。纤维沥青混合料的动稳定度明显增大,对改善沥青混合料的高温稳定性十分有利。纤维沥青混凝土试验路的裂缝间距明显增大,使用状况良好。结果表明,纤维沥青混合料在多年冻土地区有良好的使用价值。     

热拌沥青混合料摊铺作业探讨

热拌沥青混合料的摊铺作业是沥青路面施工中极其重要的一个环节,摊铺质量的好坏直接关系到沥青路面的建设质量和使用寿命。主要从摊铺机的机型选择、确定合理的摊铺宽度与厚度及适宜的摊铺速度、摊铺工艺的选择及施工中应注意的事项等几方面对热拌沥青混合料的摊铺作业进行探讨。     

一种基于YUV彩色空间的运动车辆阴影消除方法

采用一种基于YUV彩色空间的方法来检测并消除交通视频图像序列中的运动车辆的投射阴影.通过对前景运动区域像素的亮度、色度和梯度密度的计算,得到一个阴影判断函数.利用阴影判断函数并结合边缘检测在前景运动区域中检测和消除车辆的投射阴影.     

汽油机润滑系统计算分析

根据某1.8 L汽油机润滑系统结构参数和发动机运行参数,分析了曲轴主轴承、连杆轴承和凸轮轴承端部各处所需机油最小流量及对应的最小压力,确定了发动机正常运行需要的最小机油压力和最小机油流量以及对机油泵参数的要求。通过计算分析证明了润滑系统设计是合理的。     

透水性人行道的应用试验研究

透水性人行道建设是生态城市建设的一种趋势。在目前国内无明确的材料、设计、施工和检验方法的状况下,浦东地区结合当地实际情况,提出了一套较为完整的,集透水、渗水、排水、保水功能于一体的透水性人行道的结构和排水系统布设方法,以及现场渗水性能的测试新方法。     

Development of hydrogen-compressed natural gas blend engine for heavy duty vehicles

Natural gas fuel, as an alternative energy source of transportation, has been used widely since it has an advantage of low emission levels. However, new technologies are required in order to meet the reinforced emission regulations. For this purpose, research into the development of hydrogen-compressed natural gas (HCNG) blend engine was carried out to evaluate its feasibility and emission characteristics. The Engine Research Department at the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials carried out a large number of tests based on various parameter changes that could affect the performance and emission of HCNG engine in different operating conditions. An earlier stage of the research project focused on the lean combustion of a HCNG engine for heavy duty vehicles to meet the EURO-VI standards. An 11-L/6-cylinder CNG engine was used for the test. The effects of the excess air ratio change were assessed based on various content ratios of hydrogen in the natural gas fuel. In the later part of the HCNG research, a stoichiometric mixture operation was suggested to meet reinforced emission regulation without requiring a De-NOx system. Additionally, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was introduced for the purpose of improving thermal efficiency and durability. The optimal operating conditions were selected to achieve the best thermal efficiency to meet the required emission levels. In this paper, we demonstrate that a HCNG engine can achieve a significant decrease in NOx emissions, as compared to that of a CNG engine, while meeting the requirements of the EURO-VI standards during a transient mode cycle test. EGR can suppress the weakness of stoichiometric mixture combustion strategy, such as the deterioration of the durability and thermal efficiency, while the emission level can be lowered with the use of a three-way catalyst. The possibility of further reduction of emissions and CO2 with EGR was evaluated to access practical application of a HCNG engine in the field. From that evaluation, the HCNG engine with stoichiometric mixture operation for heavy duty vehicles was developed. The emission levels of HCNG engine were 50 % lower when compared to the EURO-VI standards with a greater than 10 % decrease in CO₂ compared to that of a natural gas engine.     

上海市高水压深层排水盾构隧道管片接缝密封垫形式试验研究

为使接缝处弹性密封垫在张开8 mm、错位10 mm的情况下仍能满足1.2 MPa高水压长期防水性能设计要求以及保证盾构拼装能力,对采用双道耐高水压密封垫的上海市深层排水盾构隧道工程接缝防水密封垫断面形式进行设计。对不同断面密封垫进行防水性能以及闭合压缩力数值模拟,通过对比分析、不断优化,得到防水和力学性能较优的密封垫断面形式,并进行管片接缝防水性能试验和闭合压缩力试验。试验结果表明:采用推荐断面形式的密封垫在邵尔A硬度为67度时,在精确装配下和接缝张开8mm、错位10 mm的情况下均满足1.2 MPa的长期防水能力要求,且适应盾构的拼装能力。     

车用增压直喷汽油机燃烧噪声试验研究

利用倒拖法对某车用涡轮增压缸内直喷汽油机空载加速和半载加速工况进行了燃烧噪声试验研究。联合发动机缸内燃气压力测试结果,通过分析气体动力载荷对其燃烧噪声的影响,进一步探讨燃烧噪声产生的根本原因。试验结果表明,在中低转速时,燃烧噪声随着发动机负荷的增加而增加,同时燃烧噪声对整机总声功率的贡献值也在随之增加。在较高转速时,燃烧噪声对整机总声功率的贡献值随着发动机负荷的增加变化不显著。就半载加速和空载加速工况时燃烧噪声的平均贡献值来看,空载加速时燃烧噪声对整机噪声的平均贡献值为22.2%,明显小于半载加速时的43.6%。随着发动机转速的提高,最大气缸压力及最大压力升高率总体变化趋势和燃烧噪声变化趋势一致,同时加速时最大气缸压力变化对燃烧噪声的影响更明显。     

柴油机进气管瞬态流动均匀性三维数值模拟

运用计算流体力学方法对柴油机进气管瞬态流动过程进行了三维数值模拟,讨论了在进气重叠期内,不同工况下进气管内部流场的变化情况。分析了柴油机进气增压压力、转速以及进气重叠时间对各进气歧管出口空气质量流量、进气分配质量、进气最大不均匀度的动态影响。计算结果表明:柴油机进气增压压力越低,进气最大不均匀度越大;进气重叠角越大,进气最大不均匀度也越大;柴油机低转速工作时的进气最大不均匀度要高于高转速最大不均匀度。通过提高进气增压压力、合理优化进气管几何结构,可以减小柴油机在进气过程中出现的进气分配不均匀现象。     

基于神经网络的智能驾驶模式识别研究

为满足智能驾驶汽车高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)功能研发和验证的需求,提高ADAS功能的准确性,设计了一款基于神经网络的智能驾驶模式识别程序,该程序由数据采集、目标检测、场景识别预测3个模块组成.数据采集模块利用ESR毫米波雷达、前置摄像头对交通环境及周围车辆的数据信息进行采集;目标监测模块通过控制算法选择判断触发各类A...