科研院所科技创新工作简析

本文立足于国内科研院所科技创新现状,指出了科研院所科技创新的特点,阐述了科研院所科技创新的内涵,论述了科研院所科技创新的问题,提出了科研院所科技创新的方法。     

内河船舶波浪载荷研究

利用内河波浪散布图和修订波浪谱对内河系列船舶进行了波浪载荷的计算预报,首次分析了内河船舶波浪载荷的规律和特点,并与俄罗斯内河登记局(RRR)和法国-德国船级社(B-G)的内河规范载荷对应的等效模数要求进行了比较分析。结合实船测试结果表明：波浪载荷变化规律与国外同类规范一致,预报波浪载荷水平与测试结果及国外同类规范要求相当。内河船舶波浪载荷预报应考虑航速和水深的影响,载荷预报结果可以作为制定内河波浪载荷公式的基础。     

复合材料立管抗屈曲能力的提高方法

由于复合材料具有高比强度、设计性强、扰腐蚀性能好等优点,而广泛应用于海洋立管中,但是复合材料立管设计还不够成熟。本文为探究提高复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的方法,研究了复合材料结构参数对复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的影响,发现铺层数和铺层角对其抗面压屈曲能力有较大影响。其后对复合材料立管增加止屈器,结果表明止屈器可以较大幅度提高其抗面压屈曲能力。对今后研究复合材料立管抗屈曲能力提供一定的指导意义。     

Incorporating the extended theory of planned behavior in a school travel mode choice model: a case study of Shaoxing,China

Travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents. Therefore, understanding school travel mode choice behavior is essential to find policy-oriented approaches to optimizing school travel mode share. Recent research suggests that psychological factors of parents play a significant role in school travel mode choice behavior and the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model has been used to test the effect of psychological constructs on mode choice behavior. However, little research has used a systematic framework of behavioral theory to organize these psychological factors and investigate their internal relationships. This paper proposes an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to delve into the psychological factors caused by the effects of adults’ cognition and behavioral habits and explores the factors’ relationship paradigm. A theoretical framework of travel mode choice behavior for students in China is constructed. We established the MIMIC model that accommodates latent variables from ETPB. We found that not all the psychological latent variables have significant effects on school travel mode choice behavior, but habit can play an essential role. The results provide theoretical support for demand policies for school travel.     

A Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy with multiclass network equilibria

This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts.     

Effect of Seismic Parameters on the Safety Factor for an Underground Cavern北大核心CSCD

In order to quantitatively evaluate the safety of the surrounding rock of an underground cavern under seis-mic load, a comprehensive evaluation method for the stability of surrounding rock is proposed based on the general safety factor and point safety factor. A calculation method for the general safety factor of a cavern based on the prin-ciple of shear strength reduction of a rock mass is given, the run-through of the plastic zone between the main power-house and main transformer room is presented as a critical criterion for the overall instability of the cavern, and the general safety factor is obtained by searching for the reduction coefficient. A point safety factor calculation method based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is given. The influence of different seismic input parameters on the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions are studied based on an underground power-house cavern of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that the quantitative evaluation method for the stability of the surrounding rock based on the safety factor is feasible and can reflect the general safety de-gree and local safety degree of different positions of the cavern for different working conditions. It is found that the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions decrease with an increase of the ampli-tude and duration of a seismic wave while they increase with an increase of the incident angle; additionally, the low frequency of a seismic wave has a great influence on the cavern while the high frequency has little effect. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

基于"互联网+"新形势下治超体系的建立

近年来,随着我国社会经济和道路运输飞速发展,公路货运车辆超限超载运输问题也日渐突出,公路货运超限超载已成为危害公路交通可持续发展的"痼疾"。随着科学技术的发展,治超工作增添了很多新手段、新方法,"互联网+"正在改变传统的业务管理模式。本文通过从问题导向出发,从顶层设计入手,建立多部门、跨区域联合的综合治理、系统治理的长效机制。     

A Delphi analysis on green performance evaluation indices for ports in China

This study identified a set of applicable and practical green performance evaluation indices for Chinese ports using the Delphi technique. The research was conducted by targeting three representative Chinese ports in Eastern China: the Shanghai Port, Ningbo Port, and Qingdao Port. An effective expert panel was structured with direct stakeholders related to green performance, which was based on a sufficient consideration of the unique and the special decision-making system for Chinese ports. Twenty-one green performance indices in six dimensions (i.e. liquid pollution management, air pollution management, noise control, low carbon regulations and energy savings, marine biology preservation, and organization and management) were eventually identified through three rounds of iterations. The identified green performance indices for Chinese ports are highly consistent with the Chinese Government’s environmental policies. Compared with European ports, the green port performance indicators in China are not as comprehensive. The indicators that are strictly consistent with national macro policies and the factors that are more easily seen, heard, and felt were perceived to be more important. From an academic perspective, this study offers a new approach for system establishment and green practice criteria exploration and thus provides a significant basis for further green port studies.     

永磁同步电机直接转矩控制的建模与仿真研究

为了研究永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统的动态性能,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了永磁同步电机直接转矩控制模型,并对电机的启动性能以及负载为阶跃输入情况进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明所构建的系统模型动态过程符合实际调速系统运动过程。     

感应电机矢量控制系统的建模与仿真研究

为了研究异步感应电机矢量控制系统动态性能,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的感应电机矢量控制模型,并对电机的启动性能以及负载为阶跃输入情况进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明所构建的系统模型动态过程符合实际调速系统运动过程。