A Simplified Model for the Effect of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses on the Axial Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Plates

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Common Structural Rules (CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

Space enterprise strategy guiding-based study on project portfolio management and flow optimization

Project portfolio management (PPM) is the centralized management method, process and technology in multiple projects. When multiple projects in the space industry are implemented, it provides an effective methodology to resolve the problems at the same time such as conflicts among models, decrease in design efficiency, and increase in target deviation. Hence, a PPM dedicated to multiple projects management in space enterprise is presented in this paper. Firstly, an analysis of features and contents in space enterprise portfolio management mode is performed by using PPM based on its specific strategic characteristics. Then, the principle and selection methods of PPM are provided as a reference for the future development of an enterprise. Finally, a multiple-level organization architecture including decision making layers, function management layers and project execution layers is proposed so as to adapt to possible changes in the multiple projects and correspond to the strategic development. As a consequence, a perfect matching mechanism to fit the changes in PPM modes is reached. In addition, the flow chart of PPM is designed and optimized by analyzing the implementation procedure of strategic target and project portfolio life-cycle, which is expected to realize the purpose of improving space enterprise management efficiency, project management capacity, innovation development and economic benefits.     

一种基于PLL的牵引电机速度辨识算法

提出一种基于PLL的速度辨识算法,在此算法中引入闭环转子磁链观测器和幅值归一化环节,弥补PLL本身在抗干扰能力上的不足.通过闭环转子磁链观测模型抑制了转子磁链中可能出现的直流偏置,引入幅值归一化环节抑制了可能出现的转子磁链幅值波动.在仿真软件中搭建模型进行验证,结果表明在电机速度指令突变以及负载转矩突变的情况下可以保持较好的辨识效果.通过仿真结果验证了所研究速度辨识算法的正确性和有效性.     

集料和沥青对沥青混合料车辙性能影响研究

本研究结合盐中、京藏高速沥青路面大修工程,分别选取宁夏地区红砂岩、石灰岩集料,以及宁夏地区常用的几种沥青品牌,进行沥青和集料对沥青混合料抗车辙性能的影响研究,以明确沥青和集料对车辙的影响大小,为宁夏地区材料应用提供技术支持。     

Effect of interference fits on the fatigue lives of bolted composite joints

The effect of interference fits on the fatigue lives of bolted composite joints is investigated by conducting mechanical tests. Static and fatigue tests are carried out on specimens made of carbon-bismaleimide composites joined together as double-lap single-bolt joints. The bolts having interference fits ranging of 0 (neat fit), 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% are performed. The results demonstrate the relationship between fatigue life and different values of interference fits. After the fatigue tests, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to observe the damage of the surrender and surface of the hole. The test results show that the interference fitted specimens have improved fatigue life compared to the neat fitted specimen. The NDE and SEM results reveal that the damage degree of interference fitted specimen is weaker than that for the neat fitted one.     

挡墙桩基拔除与重建施工技术

文章以上海轨道交通11号线穿越桥台桩基为工程背景,通过综合比选确定了套管拔除+水压减摩的桩基拔除方案和“L”型挡墙+搅拌桩加固的挡墙重建方案;运用数值模拟软件对重建过程位移场的变化情况进行了计算复核.计算结果表明: “L”型挡墙结构能较好地抑制河道开挖过程中墙背土体的沉降,且结构自身变位小,能满足工程安全和周边环境保护的要求.研究成果可为今后类似工程提供借鉴和参考.     

考虑横向漂移的船舶路径跟踪自抗扰控制

针对船舶运动系统中内部动态不确定和外部干扰等问题,进行了欠驱动船舶路径跟踪的自抗扰方法研究。利用Backstepping设计参考航向角,并通过线性扩张状态观测器对流干扰和横向运动引起的横向漂移进行估计。其次,根据自抗扰算法对航向进行控制,采用线性扩张状态观测器对外界干扰及内部不确定项进行估计。最后仿真结果表明,在风流干扰下所设计的控制器仍能使船准确地跟踪上参考路径,验证了所提控制方案的有效性。     

针片状指数对道砟直剪力学特性的影响

为研究针片状道砟在破碎情况下对道砟散体直剪力学特性的影响，通过进行不同工况下道砟直剪试验，从道砟散体剪切强度、变形及破碎特性对试验结果进行分析. 研究结果表明:（1） 随着针片状指数增加，道砟散体直剪力学性能下降，包括抗剪强度和内摩擦角（100 kPa下当针状指数由0分别提高到20%、40%时，抗剪强度分别降低10.9%、16.8%；片状指数由0分别提高到20%、40%时，抗剪强度分别降低14.7%、22.3%；针、片状道砟总值由0分别提高到20%、40%时，抗剪强度分别降低12.4%、18.9%）. （2） 随着针片状道砟含量增加，试样剪缩和剪胀量均降低. （3） 针片状道砟在直剪试验过程中易于发生破碎，且破碎类型多为整体断裂并伴随尖角破碎折断，显著影响有砟道床维修周期.      

Two degree of freedom flow-induced vibration of cylindrical structures in marine environments: frequency ratio effects

The flow-induced vibration of a cylindrical structure is a very common problem in marine environments such as undersea pipelines, offshore risers, and cables. In this study, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted cylinder at a low Reynolds number is simulated by a transient coupled fluid–structure interaction numerical model. Considering VIV with low damping ratio, the response, hydrodynamic forces, and vortex shedding modes of the cylinder is systematically analyzed and summed up the universal rule under different frequency ratios. On the basis of the analysis, we find that the frequency ratio α is a very important parameter. It decides the locked-in, beat, and phase-switch phenomena of the cylinder, meanwhile, it also influence the vortex mode of the cylinder. The trajectory of the two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) case at different natural frequency ratios is discussed, with most trajectories having a “figure of 8” shape and a few having a “crescent” shape. A fast Fourier transformation technique is used to obtain the frequency characteristics of the vibration of the cylindrical structure. Using the 2 DOF cylinder model in place of the 1 DOF model presents several advantages in simulating the nonlinear characteristics of cylindrical structures, including the capacity to model the crosswise vibration generated by in-line vibration.