基于大数据的大学校园停车系统规划 ——以大连理工大学凌水主校区为例

为解决大学校园停车系统混乱以及用于相关规划的基础数据样本量小、精度不高、时效性 差等问题,应用大学校园停车调查数据、各出入口车辆记录数据以及各院系教职工信息数据进行多源大数据分析,提出了一种基于大数据的大学校园停车系统规划方法。以大连理工大学凌水主 校区收集到的数据为例,首先从静态角度利用各出入口车辆记录数据和校园停车调查数据获取校园整体停车需求,进而利用各院系教职工信息数据分析各部门的停车需求。然后,从动态角度考虑停车位的周转问题,利用各出入口车辆记录数据分析校园出入车辆停车时段分布状况。最后,根据多源大数据分析所得校园停车系统现状,得出相应的校园停车系统规划结果。研究结果表 明：基于大数据的大学校园停车系统规划方法可有效解决传统方法中基础数据样本量小、精度不高、时效性差等问题,提高了规划结果的实用性和科学性。     

基于行车控速效果分析的校园内减速带 优化研究

为了更好地维护校园交通安全,基于减速带减速原理,针对校园环境对校内减速带的优化 设计进行研究。选取南京林业大学校园内翠竹路为实验路段,使用雷达测速仪测得通过该路段减 速带的具体速度值,通过对调查数据的整理和分析,得知实验减速带的控速效果未能达到最优。 为了提高校园内减速带的控速效果,构建了车辆通过减速带时的车轮轴心运动轨迹方程模型,借 助MATLAB软件仿真,以纵向加速度为评价指标,进行了圆弧减速带在不同宽度和高度条件下 的振动分析。结果表明,在相同车速条件下,不同尺寸的减速带产生的纵向加速度与高度成正 比,与宽度成反比;适合校园内安装的减速带最优尺寸为高50mm、宽350mm。     

Compensation of pressure enthalpy effects on temperature fields for throttling of high-pressure real gas

For the pressure enthalpy of high pressure pneumatics, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based on ideal gas assumption fails to obtain the real temperature information. Therefore, we propose a method to compensate the pressure enthalpy of throttling for CFD simulation based on ideal gas assumption. Firstly, the pressure enthalpy is calculated for the pressure range of 0.101 to 30 MPa and the temperature range of 190 to 298 K based on Soave-Redlich-Kwong (S-R-K) equation. Then, a polynomial fitting equation is applied to practical application in the above mentioned range. The basic idea of the compensation method is to convert the pressure enthalpy difference between inlet air and nodes into the compensation temperature. In the above temperature and pressure range, the compensated temperature is close to the real one, and the relative temperature drop error is below 10%. This error is mainly caused by the velocity difference of the orifice between the real and ideal gas models. Finally, this compensation method performs an icing analysis for practical high pressure slide pilot valve.     

Effect of orthogonal stiffeners on the stability of axially compressed steel jacking pipe

Load conditions for steel pipe-jacking are complex during the construction stage. The stability of steel jacking pipe has been an increasingly important problem as jacking forces, pipe diameters and jacking distances increase. However, there are no standards for pipe reinforcement, for prevention of buckling, or for remedying pipe that buckles when being jacked axially. Past experience suggests that stiffeners can effectively reinforce the structure. This study analyzes the effect of different stiffeners on the stability of steel jacking pipe under axial compression using finite element analysis. The results suggest that the stability of steel jacking pipe can be significantly improved by using orthogonal stiffeners, in terms of engineering costs and construction space inside the pipe. Based on current engineering practice, the application of orthogonal stiffeners is discussed. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of steel jacking pipe.     

Uncertainty analysis of value for money assessment for public-private partnership projects

In recent years, private sectors are encouraged to take an active part in franchising of urban infrastructure investments and operations, which promotes the rapid development of public-private partnership (PPP) in infrastructure and public service supply. Value for money (VFM) assessment has been officially proposed to provide a reference for selection of projects planning to adopt PPP. Based on the bottlenecks of VFM application in China and the uncertainties for urban infrastructure PPP projects, a discounted cash flow (DCF) model is established for VFM of infrastructure PPP projects. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation model is established on the basis of uncertainty factors for VFM. Through the analysis of Huai’an trams PPP project, coping strategies of uncertainties for VFM are put forward. Findings of the research may propel the establishment of a complete VFM evaluation system for PPP projects. Key instructional functions of VFM during the process of decision-making can be brought into full play and PPP may develop orderly.     

整体桥H型钢-RC阶梯桩与土相互作用拟静力试验

以H型钢-RC阶梯桩模型试验为背景,进行了2根H型钢-RC阶梯桩(HS-RC-0.25、HS-RC-0.50)及1根H型钢桩(HS)的低周往复荷载拟静力试验;在桩顶施加水平位移荷载,埋设应变片与土压力计,采用特殊设计的桩身水平变位测试方法,得到了H型钢-RC阶梯桩桩身破坏特点、沿桩深方向的桩身水平位移与应变、骨架曲线和滞回性能曲线;利用OpenSEES对比分析了桩顶自由与固定条件下阶梯桩桩顶水平变位能力,得到了阶梯桩水平承载力折减系数与转化系数,对比了利用折减系数得到的模型桩水平承载力计算值与试验值。试验结果表明：H型钢桩的桩顶弹性变形为2～25 mm,其水平变形能力强,承载能力好,加载全过程滞回环饱满,耗能效果好;刚度比对阶梯桩的破坏模式无显著影响,阶梯桩的上段钢桩均无明显的屈曲破坏,变截面处混凝土严重剥落且破坏位置相同;随刚度比增大,阶梯桩-土体系屈服位移及屈服荷载均提高,HS-RC-0.25较HS-RC-0.50桩顶屈服位移减小了29.15%,桩身应变突变减小;阶梯桩的滞回环在加载初期因为滑移表现为捏拢状,而在加载后期过渡为饱满的梭形,耗能效果良好,HS-RC-0.50加载全过程...     

进气预热对电控柴油机起动性能影响的研究

以装备BOSCH公司生产的VP37电控分配泵管理系统的CA498Z型电控柴油机为对象,试验研究了进气预热对电控柴油机起动性能的影响。得出了进气预热在电控柴油机起动过程中对转速、起动时间、HC排放的影响规律。     

双频振动压实机-土壤系统的数值仿真

建立了双频振动压实机一土壤系统的力学和数学模型,在试验基础上确定了模型中的参数值和相关系数。将数学模型转换为状态方程,利用SIMULINK仿真框图进行数值仿真,得到了压实机参数和土壤参数变化与压实效果的关系。以压实机对地面作用力最大为目标函数,以试验所得主要参数的取值范围作为约束条件,对压路机的参数匹配进行了优化。     

车用抗菌材料

随着人民生活水平的日益提升,用户越发关注车内的安全与健康。汽车内饰零件合理选用抗菌材料,采用合适的测试方法进行验证并判定,是车用抗菌材料开发的关键所在。文章介绍了抗菌材料的机理和检测方法,并通过摸底测试全面探究了车用抗菌材料的行业现状。结果表明,原材料中添加抗菌剂对塑料的抗菌性能起着决定性作用,但却对织物面料影响甚微。此外,对车用抗菌材料的成本上涨原因进行了详细解析,并展望了车用抗菌材料的应用前景。     

基于SQP优化和上限法的倾斜荷载下条形浅基础极限承载力计算

对均质地基岩土体上条形基础承受倾斜荷载的情况,根据线性破坏准则和相关联流动法则,利用极限分析中的机动法,构建了一个承受倾斜荷载作用的条形浅基础的二维机动许可破坏模式.根据外力功率与内部耗能相等原理获得极限承载力的目标表达式,并把其转化成了一个求含有非线性约束的极限承载力上限解最小值问题计算模型.应用MATLAB软件平台,对建立的计算模型采用序列二次规划法(SQP法)进行了承载力上限解优化求解.研究结果表明:极限上限分析结合优化理论SQP法适用于该问题的求解;荷载的倾斜程度对条形基础地基承载力影响较大;相同计算参数条件下,构造刚性块较少的简单的相容速度场也能够求得较为精确的数值,因而计算的速度和效率也将得到大幅提高;影响参数分析表明,计算参数取值对极限承载力量值具有非线性影响且权重存在差别,将结果与已有文献资料进行了分析比较,所得结果较前人研究成果有一定改进.