(EU)No44/2014附件XIV号牌空间要求标准的简介

号牌是识别车辆,便于车辆管理的重要组成部分。而国标仅在GB 72058-2012第11.8中对号牌照板(架)做了以下要求:机动车应设置能满足号牌安装要求的号牌板(架);前号牌板(架)(摩托车除外)应设于前面的中部或右侧(按机动车前进方向),后号牌板(架)应设于后面的中部或左侧;每面号牌板(架)上应设有4个号牌安装孔(三轮汽车前号牌板[架]、摩托车后号牌板[架]应设有2个号牌安装孔),以保证能用M6规格的螺拴将号牌直接牢固可靠地安装在车辆上。     

Locomotive dynamic performance under traction/braking conditions considering effect of gear transmissions

Traction or braking operations are usually applied to trains or locomotives for acceleration, speed adjustment, and stopping. During these operations, gear transmission equipment plays a very significant role in the delivery of traction or electrical braking power. Failures of the gear transmissions are likely to cause power loses and even threaten the operation safety of the train. Its dynamic performance is closely related to the normal operation and service safety of the entire train, especially under some emergency braking conditions. In this paper, a locomotive–track coupled vertical–longitudinal dynamics model is employed with considering the dynamic action from the gear transmissions. This dynamics model enables the detailed analysis and more practical simulation on the characteristics of power transmission path, namely motor–gear transmission–wheelset–longitudinal motion of locomotive, especially for traction or braking conditions. Multi-excitation sources, such as time-varying mesh stiffness and nonlinear wheel–rail contact excitations, are considered in this study. This dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental test results under braking conditions. The calculated results indicate that involvement of gear transmission could reveal the load reduction of the wheelset due to transmitted forces. Vibrations of the wheelset and the motor are dominated by variation of the gear dynamic mesh forces in the low speed range and by rail geometric irregularity in the higher speed range. Rail vertical geometric irregularity could also cause wheelset longitudinal vibrations, and do modulations to the gear dynamic mesh forces. Besides, the hauling weight has little effect on the locomotive vibrations and the dynamic mesh forces of the gear transmissions for both traction and braking conditions under the same running speed.     

基于灰度共生矩阵的舰船噪声特征提取方法研究

灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）可以描述图像各基元灰度的空间分布和结构特征,而舰船辐射噪声二维谱图中也含有许多目标的固有信息。利用灰度共生矩阵对舰船辐射噪声二维谱图的图像进行纹理研究,求取能量、熵、惯性矩等几个典型特征量,并通过实验室仿真和对实际舰船辐射噪声分析计算,其具有明显的差异,可以作为目标分类和识别的重要特征信息。     

美国及中国军用无人机的新发展与性能分析

文章介绍了美国军用无人机的一些新发展以及中国军用无人机的发展情况,并对各自发展的方向和趋势作了简要概括。通过对中美几种军用无人机性能参数的对比和分析,指出了中国军用无人机的差距。     

格鲁吉亚动车组制动电阻装置的研制

介绍了出口格鲁吉亚动车组制动电阻装置的原理、技术特点、性能参数和结构组成。该制动电阻装置具有电阻单元采用抽屉式设计方便安装与维护、电阻单元抗变形能力强、电阻带最热点的温度裕量大等特点。试验和运行考核验证了该制动电阻装置的稳定性和可靠性。     

新时期中国汽车物流产业发展建议

汽车物流产业属于物流业的一支细分领域,是汽车供应链有机的组成部分。如何在经济新常态下持续保持汽车物流业健康、稳定地发展,促进汽车产业价值顺畅流动,是值得探讨的课题。通过分析汽车物流产业所处环境变化,识别当前存在的发展机遇与面临的挑战,提出汽车物流产业从运力结构、新兴业务、智能转型、海外布局四个方面加速实现转型升级,以应对复杂的外部环境变化,为中国汽车物流产业在新的经济发展势态下给出一种发展思路。     

Characteristics of operating mode distributions of light duty vehicles by road type,average speed,and driver type for estimating on-road emissions: Case study of Beijing

Abstract

Researchers have collected extensive vehicle activity data in Beijing using GPS and attempted to develop a comprehensive database of facility- and speed-specific operating mode (OpMode) distributions of various vehicle types for estimating on-road vehicle emissions. This study developed the specific OpMode distributions of light duty vehicles (LDVs) for both restricted access and unrestricted access road types at various average speeds for characteristic analysis. (1) Strong patterns are found in the variations in OpMode distributions with the increase in the average speed: the time fraction of Decelerating/Braking remains less than 7%. The fraction of Idling decreases dramatically from 95% to 0%, while the fraction of Cruising/Accelerating increases from 2% to 94%. The fraction of Coasting increases to 28% and then decreases. (2) The time fractions for restricted access and unrestricted access are significantly different at the same average speeds, especially in Operating Modes #0, #1, #11, #12, #13, #14, #21, and #22, possibly causing an error of 20% in the emissions estimations. (3) Taxis show different OpMode distributions than those for private cars in the operating modes of Decelerating/Braking, Idling, and high-VSP modes, especially at low average speeds. The differences are derived from the more skillful driving behaviors of taxi drivers and may cause an estimation error of over 10%. Thus, the activities of taxis and private cars should be modeled separately for on-road emissions estimations.     

盆式支座安装缺陷对伸缩缝的影响分析及维修方法

某桥盆式支座滑移方向存在安装错误,由此导致相关联的伸缩缝混凝土损坏及振动噪声,文章详细介绍了不中断交通情况下支座更换的过程,结果表明通过更换存在缺陷的盆式支座,彻底根治了该桥伸缩缝病害。     

海船闸气幕防咸设计

为指导船闸气幕防咸设计,本文将经典Abraham方法和Keetels数据进行比较.结果发现,Abraham方法偏保守.基于Keetels数据,本文提出一种新的半经验公式,以获得更准确的供气量.