Investigation of carriers’ ability to transfer toll increases: an empirical analysis of freight agents’ relative market power

Transportation - Design of effective freight policies requires a comprehensive understanding of freight agents’ interactions. A critical component of the interaction is the freight...     

Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships

ABSTRACT

The impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed.     

The price of uncertainty in pavement infrastructure management planning: An integer programming approach

Currently there is a true dichotomy in the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) literature. On the one hand, there are integer programming-based models that assume that parameters are deterministically known. On the other extreme, there are stochastic models, with the most popular class being based on the theory of Markov decision processes that are able to account for various sources of uncertainties observed in the real-world. In this paper, we present an integer programming-based alternative to account for these uncertainties. A critical feature of the proposed models is that they provide – a priori – probabilistic guarantees that the prescribed M&R decisions would result in pavement condition scores that are above their critical service levels, using minimal assumptions regarding the sources of uncertainty. By construction of the models, we can easily determine the additional budget requirements when additional sources of uncertainty are considered, starting from a fully deterministic model. We have coined this additional budget requirement the price of uncertainty to distinguish from previous related work where additional budget requirements were studied due to parameter uncertainties in stochastic models. A numerical case study presents valuable insights into the price of uncertainty and shows that it can be large.     

高寒隧道保温设计研究及热工计算方法初探

目前国内高寒隧道研究成果还不能完全满足隧道设计要求,文章借鉴我国建设部房建行业和日本国铁的研究成果,提出了适用于季节性冻土隧道洞口保温段长度、衬砌保温及水沟保温的设计计算方法。     

基于高斯过程机器学习方法的隧道围岩分类模型

针对现有围岩分类方法的局限性,基于工程实例,利用分类性能优异的高斯过程机器学习模型建立围岩类别与其主要影响因素之间的非线性映射关系,进而提出一种基于高斯过程的隧道围岩分类模型,实现不同情况下围岩分类的合理识别.将该模型应用于川藏公路二郎山隧道围岩分类,研究结果表明,隧道围岩分类的高斯过程机器学习模型是科学可行的,与人工神经网络模型、支持向量机模型相比较,该模型具有参数自适应化的优点,能方便快捷地给出合理可靠且具有概率意义的围岩分类评价结果,可对围岩分类结果的不确定性或可信度进行定量化评价.     

基岩完整隧道衬砌环向裂缝成因分析及其防治措施

文章通过向莆铁路线七座完整基岩隧道二次衬砌环向裂缝的统计,对隧道衬砌开裂的原因进行了综合分析,阐述了混凝土结构裂缝的危害大小程度,以及设计及施工管理过程中对衬砌裂缝的控制途径,并对此提出了相应的处理措施和建议.     

道路交通事故清障救援装备专用作业装置测试与评价

针对道路交通事故综合救援装备专用作业装置存在功能不匹配、性能适应性差等问题,参照《清障车》(QC/T 645)和《道路车辆清障救援操作规范》(JT/T 891),提出了道路交通事故清障救援装备专用作业装置的测试与评价方法。并在此基础上,以某型道路交通事故综合救援装备为例,分别选取空载、额定载荷、超载、侧绞盘载荷、托臂载荷、扶正等系列工况测评。验证结果表明:该型道路交通事故综合救援装备的功能和性能均合格。     

浅谈填砂路基施工关键技术及其环保效果

文章结合南昌市某实际工程,探讨了高速公路填砂路段施工过程的关键技术,重点从施工方案的确定、原地面的处理、排水层的施工,以及填砂施工流程等方面进行分析,以供参考。     

浅析内河航道节能现状及技术应用

内河航道在施工建设和运营管理期间会产生大量的能源消耗,抓好航道的节能减排对发展绿色交通具有重要作用。本文总结概况了目前我国内河航道节能减排现状及采用的关键技术,相关技术的推广将引导交通运输行业优化用能结构、促进产业协调发展。     

沉管隧道预制管节顶推滑移系统摩擦试验研究

为了针对某大型沉管隧道预制管节的顶推滑移系统选择合适的摩擦面材料,文章对该顶推滑移系统的四组拟采用摩擦面材料(不锈钢板-PTFE、不锈钢板-NGE、普通钢板-PTFE、普通钢板-NGE)进行了静、动态摩擦系数测试。利用20 000 k N压剪试验机、采用双剪法进行了模拟测试试验。试验结果表明:(1)四组被测试摩擦面的摩擦系数中,不锈钢板与PTFE板的最小,普通钢板与PTFE板的最大;(2)锂基润滑油和水对减小不锈钢板与PTFE板之间的静、动摩擦系数效果都十分明显,但锂基润滑油对摩擦系数的减小效果会随着油层被挤压变薄而逐渐减弱。该试验结果为该顶推滑移系统的摩擦面材料选择以及摩擦面润滑处理措施提供了重要参考依据。