基于合作教学法的过程性评价实践与反思

基于合作教学法在课堂教学改革中取得实效的背景下,结合教学实践,以"英语精读"课程为例,探讨过程性评价的实践做法,即明确过程性评价标准并尝试提供一套切实可行的过程性评价考核方式,最终实现课程考核对教学的正反拨作用,并对过程性评价在实践中的局限进行反思。     

Two degree of freedom flow-induced vibration of cylindrical structures in marine environments: frequency ratio effects

The flow-induced vibration of a cylindrical structure is a very common problem in marine environments such as undersea pipelines, offshore risers, and cables. In this study, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted cylinder at a low Reynolds number is simulated by a transient coupled fluid–structure interaction numerical model. Considering VIV with low damping ratio, the response, hydrodynamic forces, and vortex shedding modes of the cylinder is systematically analyzed and summed up the universal rule under different frequency ratios. On the basis of the analysis, we find that the frequency ratio α is a very important parameter. It decides the locked-in, beat, and phase-switch phenomena of the cylinder, meanwhile, it also influence the vortex mode of the cylinder. The trajectory of the two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) case at different natural frequency ratios is discussed, with most trajectories having a “figure of 8” shape and a few having a “crescent” shape. A fast Fourier transformation technique is used to obtain the frequency characteristics of the vibration of the cylindrical structure. Using the 2 DOF cylinder model in place of the 1 DOF model presents several advantages in simulating the nonlinear characteristics of cylindrical structures, including the capacity to model the crosswise vibration generated by in-line vibration.     

铁路路基动态变形模量的数值模拟分析

介绍铁路路基动态变形模量理论计算公式的推导及动态变形模量的测试原理,采用有限元软件模拟动态变形模量的测试过程,分析承载板与土体接触压力、路基动态变形模量的影响因素,并计算动态变形模量的有效测试深度.结果表明:在承载板中心一定范围内,接触压力模拟结果较理论计算值大;土体的动弹性模量对接触压力影响很小,可以忽略;路基动态变形模量测试冲击荷载作用下,土体只发生弹性变形;动态变形模量与土体动弹性模量呈线性关系,路基动态变形模量的模拟结果大于理论计算值;土体的泊松比对动态变形模量影响较小;动态变形模量有效测试深度建议取0.5~0.6 m.     

Assessing the representativeness of a smartphone-based household travel survey in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

The household travel survey (HTS) finds itself in the midst of rapid technological change. Traditional methods are increasingly being sidelined by digital devices and computational power—for tracking movements, automatically detecting modes and activities, facilitating data collection, etc.. Smartphones have recently emerged as the latest technological enhancement. FMS is a smartphone-based prompted-recall HTS platform, consisting of an app for sensor data collection, a backend for data processing and inference, and a user interface for verification of inferences (e.g., modes, activities, times, etc.). FMS, has been deployed in several cities of the global north, including Singapore. This paper assesses the first use of FMS in a city of the global south, Dar es Salaam. FMS in Dar was implemented over a 1-month period, among 581 adults chosen from 300 randomly selected households. Individuals were provided phones with data plans and the FMS app preloaded. Verification of the collected data occurred every 3 days, via a phone interview. The experiment reveals various social and technical challenges. Models of individual likelihood to participate suggest little bias. Several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics apparently do influence, however, the number of days fully verified per individual. Similar apparent biases emerge when predicting the likelihood of a given day being verified. Some risk of non-random, non-response is, thus, evident.     

城市道路沥青路面补强设计方案浅析

抚顺市城市道路建设近年来有了很大发展,但城市道路使用到一定年限后,如果使用性能降低,就要及时进行补强。以抚顺市城市道路沥青路面补强设计的现状为基础,探讨了合理的沥青路面补强设计方案。     

A new method for absolute datum transfer in seafloor control network measurement

To decrease the time consumption and the labor intensity in the absolute datum transfer of traditional seafloor control network measurement, a new method, namely sailing-circle positioning method, is put forward in this paper. First, the traditional intersection positioning model is improved by considering the equivalent sound velocity profile error as an unknown parameter in the adjustment model. Second, the effect of geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) on positioning accuracy is analyzed. By seeking for the minimum of GDOP, it is concluded that the absolute datum transfer can achieve the highest accuracy in the condition of sailing along a circle relative to other sailing paths. Moreover, the optimal radius of the circle for the accurate datum transfer is also given out. Besides, the correlation between the accuracy of datum transfer and the sound velocity error in this method is analyzed. Finally, the new method was tested and verified by the experiments in Songhua lake with the water depth of 60 m and in South China sea with the water depth of 2000 m, respectively. These experiment results show that the new method can improve the accuracy and efficiency of traditional datum transfer method significantly.     

对地铁运营物资高效管理的探讨

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,轨道交通网络加剧成型,物资供应和保障面临巨大挑战,探讨新的物资管理模式势在必行。本文着重围绕供应链中的各个实施要点阐述,从价格比对体系、采购计划、供应商、库存管理和物资配送等方面进行了论述,对于从事轨道交通物资管理的相关人员有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

大倾角中厚煤层软弱顶底板柔性护巷技术

在大倾角中厚煤层沿空留巷中,以往的支护方式难以满足大倾角中厚煤层巷道特殊的围岩结构稳定的需要,同时无法适应工作面内矸石垮落造成留巷困难。文章针对这一难题,首次提出并采用了"柔性护巷"技术,通过利用巷道上帮形成的由垮落矸石堆积在特制钢筋网上的"包护带",允许巷道顶板有一定的下沉量,从而使矸石充分为巷道顶板组合岩梁结构提供支撑力。在总结其施工工艺的基础上,通过现场试验,研究了巷道矿压显现规律、顶板移动规律、矸石垮落堆积规律和钢筋网变形规律;实验结果表明,在利用锚、网、索、支柱联合支护的基础上,应用"柔性护巷"技术能有效地解决大倾角中厚煤层沿空留巷技术难题。     

基顶支撑不均匀度对道面板厚度影响分析

为研究土基基顶反应模量不均匀性对机场跑道结构力学性能的影响规律,针对基顶反应模量分布不均匀度及交通荷载耦合作用对混凝土道面板的受力进行有限元分析,分析相同轮载下为保证刚性道面板受力安全时基顶支撑不均匀度对混凝土道面板厚度的影响,探讨不同机型轮载对应不同道面板厚度情况下的基顶支撑不均匀度控制的临界参数。分析结果表明:混凝土板弯拉应力随着基顶支撑不均匀度的增加而增大,其影响随飞机轮载不同而存在差异,为避免道面产生严重损伤,需要增大道面板厚度。对于需要运行A320飞机的跑道,当道面铺设厚度为0.36、0.38和0.40 m时,基顶支撑不均匀度最大值分别不宜超过38%、57.5%和70%。对于拟运行B737-800飞机的跑道,当板厚为0.36 m时板的弯拉应力超过限值而发生弯拉破坏;道面铺设厚度分别为0.38、0.40 m时,为保证道面板受力安全的基顶支撑不均匀度最大值分别不宜超过33%和62%。     

CT reconstruction with priori MRI images through multi-group datasets expansion

Computed tomography (CT) reconstruction with a well-registered priori magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image can improve reconstruction results with low-dose CT, because well-registered CT and MRI images have similar structures. However, in clinical settings, the CT image of patients does not always match the priori MRI image because of breathing and movement of patients during CT scanning. To improve the image quality in this case, multi-group datasets expansion is proposed in this paper. In our method, multi-group CT-MRI datasets are formed by expanding CT-MRI datasets. These expanded datasets can also be used by most existing CT-MRI algorithms and improve the reconstructed image quality when the CT image of a patient is not registered with the priori MRI image. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of the algorithm by using multi-group CT-MRI datasets in several unregistered situations. Experiments show that when the CT and priori MRI images are not registered, the reconstruction results of using multi-group dataset expansion are better than those obtained without using the expansion.