不规则波作用下波浪爬高计算方法

通过物理模型试验,研究了不规则波作用下光滑不透水单坡和复坡上的波浪爬高,分析了主要影响因素波陡、坡度、波浪入射角、平台宽度和高程对波浪爬高的影响规律,得到了海堤结构波浪爬高的计算公式及其不同累积率换算关系,并提出了多级平台海堤断面波浪爬高计算方法,可适用于复杂海堤断面的爬高计算,与40多个实际工程的模型试验结果对比,具有较好的计算精度,可供工程设计参考.     

再生沥青混合料压实特性的研究

采用旋转压实仪成型试件,根据旋转压实密实度曲线计算压实特性参数,分析混合料类型、公称最大粒径和RAP掺配率对再生沥青混合料压实特性的影响。研究结果表明:SMA再生混合料的K1和CEI高于AC,SMA比起AC更难压实;SMA混合料的TDI较高而K2较低,SMA再生混合料具有更好的抗变形能力;随着公称粒径的增大,K1和CEI逐渐增大、TDI逐渐增大而K2逐渐降低,混合料越难被压实,抗变形能力逐渐提高;RAP掺配率越高,K1和CEI越大、TDI越大而K2越小,再生混合料的可压实性降低而开放交通后抵抗变形的能力增加。     

Choosing Public Transport—Incorporating Richer Behavioural Elements in Modal Choice Models

The development of behaviourally richer representations of the role of well-established and increasingly important influences on modal choice, such as trip time reliability and accounting for risk attitude and process rules, has moved forward at a fast pace in the context of automobile travel. In the public transport setting, such contributions have, with rare exception, not been considered. In this paper, we discuss and empirically illustrate the merits of advanced modelling developments aimed at improving our understanding of public transport choice, namely the inclusion of reliability in extended expected utility theoretic forms, to recognize risk attitude and perceptual conditioning, the consideration of passenger crowding and its inclusion in linear additive models, and the role of multiple heuristics in representing attribute processing as a way of conditioning modal choice. We illustrate the mechanics of introducing these behaviourally appealing extensions using a modal choice data set collected in Sydney.     

车辆撞击下UHPC连接预制拼装桥墩动力响应及耐撞性能优化

以UHPC连接预制拼装高架桥墩为研究对象,基于LS DYNA软件对车辆撞击桥墩进行非线性有限元分析.通过UHPC试块轴压试验与落锤试验得到CSCM本构模型;并分析了不同撞击速度下预制拼装桥墩与整体现浇桥墩撞击力、变形发展规律及内力响应的异同;最后通过改变接缝钢筋直径,接缝处摩擦系数及下接缝处UHPC高度等关键参数进一步对预制拼装桥墩耐撞性能进行优化.结果 表明:撞击后预制拼装桥墩的振动周期明显比整体现浇桥墩要短;拼装柱裂缝发展由墩底杯口上端向撞击背面延伸,整体柱则是从墩底延伸;两个桥墩的墩底易出现剪切破坏,被撞击处易发生弯曲破坏,其中拼装柱墩顶可能还会发生弯曲破坏,整浇柱墩顶易出现剪切破坏,拼装柱和整体柱抗撞性能差异不大;此外提高UHPC高度,相较于接缝钢筋直径和接缝处摩擦系数,对拼装柱耐撞性能提升最为明显,桥墩损伤破坏和动力响应也明显下降,可有效提升该桥墩的耐撞性能.     

车门内板复杂钣金件逆向建模方法探讨

以某轿车前后车门内板为例,探讨复杂钣金件的逆向设计过程和方法。通过手持式三维激光扫描仪的非接触式测量获取前后车门内板的点云数据。利用Geomagic Studio 12软件进行前期点云处理。基于CATIA V5 R17软件平台的自由曲面、创成式外形设计、数字化外形编辑器、快速曲面重构等模块完成前后车门内板的曲面重构,并进行相应的曲面质量检查。对复杂钣金件的逆向建模流程和方法以及车门内板曲面质量的评价指标进行了相关探索。     

Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings

Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采空区地层变形产生的隧道附加荷载及变形容许值计算与分析

文章分别计算了采空区上方地层弯曲时对隧道产生的附加荷载q1、q2及地层水平应变时对隧道产生的附加荷载qH,并推导出了采空区地层容许弯曲变形和水平应变数值.结果表明,现行交通部《采空区公路设计与施工技术细则》规定的采空区地基容许变形值较为笼统且偏大,结构偏于不安全.最后,文章根据计算结果对比,对不同围岩级别提出了更严格、更安全、更有针对性和可操作性的隧道对采空区地层变形限制要求,以供广大隧道工作者参考使用.     

基于磁流变悬置的整车建模与振动控制的研究

以磁流变悬置动态性能试验结果为数据样本,利用广义回归神经网络(GRNN)辨识方法建立了磁流变悬置的正、逆模型,并将辨识模型用于悬置系统的控制;建立了基于磁流变悬置的整车10自由度动力学模型,以发动机转速和悬置点处的加速度信号为输入,设计了模糊控制器,对磁流变悬置进行半主动控制的仿真。结果表明:该模糊控制器具有较好的宽频隔振效果,悬置点处的振动加速度峰值明显减小,验证了GRNN模型和模糊控制器算法的正确性和有效性。     

Realization of pmp-based control for hybrid electric vehicles in a backward-looking simulation

Optimal control is generally not possible without information about the future coming up, and it is not easy to obtain an optimal solution even though the information is given a priori. In this paper, a control concept based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) is introduced as an efficient solution to generate an optimal control trajectory for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HVEs) when the performance of the vehicles is evaluated on scheduled driving cycles at a simulation level. The main idea of the control concept is to minimize Hamiltonian, which is interpreted as equivalent fuel consumption, and the Hamiltonian is characterized by a co-state, which is interpreted as a weighting factor for the electrical usage. A key aspect of the control problem is that an appropriate initial condition of the co-state is required to satisfy the boundary condition of the problem. In this study, techniques to calculate the Hamiltonian in different hybrid configurations are introduced, and a methodology to look for the initial condition of the co-state is studied, so that the controller is able to realize a desired State Of Charge (SOC) trajectory. To address the issue, we utilize a shooting method with multiple initial conditions based on the concept of the Newton-Raphson method, and all these techniques are realized in a backward looking simulator. The simulation results show that the PMP-based control is a very efficient approach to produce the optimal control trajectory, and the performance is compared to the optimal solution solved by Dynamic Programming (DP).     

汽车整体式转向梯形机构优化设计

以MATLAB软件为优化工具,通过对汽车整体式转向梯形进行合理设计,尽可能地保证汽车在转向过程中全部车轮均绕同一个瞬时转向中心行驶,使在不同圆周上运动的车轮,作无滑动的纯滚动运动。