计量抓斗及其应用

1 概述 随着国内经济的快速发展,煤炭、焦炭、粮食、化肥、矿石、矿粉、建材等散货的装卸、转驳和运输变得越来越频繁和重要.而这些散货价值较高,供应方、运输方、采购方不但要求计量,而且要求计量精度达到贸易秤水平.这是多年来一个不易解决的问题.     

Law enforcement in the ocean

The combating of the present great variety of criminal activities occurring at sea mainly involves measures to be taken on land, in particular in ports.However, also actual enforcement at sea will continue to play an essential (complementary) role. This article surveys the rules of international law governing law enforcement measures at sea. These rules are complex, because distinctions have to be made between the various jurisdictional zones at sea and between the positions of the flag state, the coastal state and the port state. Traditionally, ships in the high seas (all sea areas beyond a narrow band of territorial sea) were under the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state. In an increasing number of situations, the coastal state now has law enforcement authority over foreign ships in expanded areas up to 200 nautical miles offshore. But apart from these situations, flag state jurisdiction still prevails beyond the territorial sea. This makes effective law enforcement difficult. In practice, many obstacles can be overcome by making more effective use of the authority of the port state, and by concluding new international agreements providing for specific enforcement systems.     

通省隧道变质软岩变形破坏机理及减避措施研究

通省隧道穿越地层主要为元古界武当群片岩,属于变质软岩.自施工以来多次出现围岩大变形与坍塌,严重影响了隧道的正常施工.本文分析了变质软岩变形破坏的特征,研究了通省隧道变质软岩的塑性流动变形、偏压、物化膨胀、流变、应力扩容等变形破坏机理,提出了提高围岩的整体性、加强支护的强度和刚度、增加体外支撑、加强监控量测等减避围岩变形破坏的措施,可用以指导隧道安全施工.     

Sliding mode robust fault-tolerant control for uncertain systems with time delay

Considering the modeling uncertainties and external disturbance, a kind of sliding mode robust H∞fault-tolerant control method for time delay system with actuator fault is proposed. The upper-bound of the uncertainties is considered as a known constant, while the upper-bound of the actuator fault is unknown. A sufficient condition for the existence of an integral sliding mode dynamics is given in terms of linear matrix inequality(LMI). A novel adaptive law is given to estimate the unknown upper-bound of faults. On this basis, a type of sliding mode robust H∞fault-tolerant control law is designed to guarantee the asymptotic stability and the H_∞ performance index of the system. Finally, the simulation on quad-rotor semi-physical platform demonstrates the reliability and validity of the method.     

自制磷酸钙骨水泥人工骨的生物安全性

目的　评价自制磷酸钙骨水泥人工骨 (CPC)的生物相容性。方法　将CPC人工骨制成生理盐水浸提液 ,培养L 92 9细胞 ,观察浸提液对L 92 9细胞生长和相对增殖度的影响 ,评价CPC人工骨对细胞的潜在毒性作用 ;将CPC人工骨制成一定大小和形状植入新西兰兔股部肌肉 ,观察植入后不同时期试样周围组织反应程度 ,评价CPC对组织的刺激性和相容性。结果　CPC对L 92 9靶细胞未见毒性作用 ;植入后对周围组织、肌肉无刺激反应。结论　CPC人工骨有良好的生物相容性     

变工况下船舶艉轴端面密封动态性能分析

非接触式艉轴端面密封具备低泄漏、无磨损、高寿命等优点,但螺旋桨周期性击水而产生的周期性振动以及往复性轴向窜动都对密封的动态抗干扰性能提出了挑战.本文基于摄动法,求解得到艉轴密封的动态雷诺方程和动态性能参数,并采用有限元法进行求解,分析多种膜厚变工况下的密封动态性能.研究结果表明:转速的增加使得密封具有更大的刚度系数、阻尼系数以及更好的动态性能;而压差的增大会减小密封的刚度系数,不利于密封的动态性能;密封端面间流体膜的厚度越小,其具有越大的刚度系数,而阻尼系数略有减小,有利于密封的动态性能;因此艉轴端面密封适合于高转速、低压差、小膜厚的运行工况.     

Novel electronic braking system design for EVS based on constrained nonlinear hierarchical control

Both environment protection and energy saving have attracted more and more attention in the electric vehicles (EVs) field. In fact, regarding control performance, electric motor has more advantages over conventional internal combustion engine. To decouple the interaction force between vehicle and various coordinating and integrating active control subsystems and estimate the real-time friction force for Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS), this paper’s primary intention is uniform distribution of longitudinal tire-road friction force and control strategy for a Novel Anti-lock Braking System (Nov- ABS) which is designed to estimate and track not only any tire-road friction force, but the maximum tire-road friction force, based on the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS). The longitudinal tire-road friction force is computed through real-time measurement of breaking force and angular acceleration of wheels. The Magic Formula Tire Model can be expressed by the reference model. The evolution of the tire-road friction is described by the constrained active-set SQP algorithm with regard to wheel slip, and as a result, it is feasible to identify the key parameters of the Magic Formula Tire Model. Accordingly, Inverse Quadratic Interpolation method is a proper way to estimate the desired wheel slip in regards to the reference of tireroad friction force from the top layer. Then, this paper adapts the Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control method to construct proposed Nov-ABS. According to the simulation results, the objective control strategy turns out to be feasible and satisfactory.     

Lubricating performance of carbon nanotubes in internal combustion engines – engine test results for CNT enriched oil

The main purpose of this research is to reduce friction losses by adding carbon nanotubes to engine oil. Extremely favorable tribological properties of carbon nanotubes have been extensively studied on the microscopic scale and using tribometers, have not yet been verified in the engine. Enriching oil with nanotubes can lead to significant, exceeding 7 %, reduction in the motoring torque of the engine at low crankshaft rotational speed. The phenomena associated with the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the engine are stated and discussed. It has been shown that the oil shear during normal operation of the engine can effectively improve the dispersion of nanotubes. At the same time the oil filtration system removes agglomerates of nanotubes very quickly.