An aggregate demand model for domestic airlines

An econometric model is estimated for the aggregate demand of an airline. The demand is expressed in terms of airline network structure, operating characteristics and firm-specific variables. A number of model formulations with different combinations of explanatory variables are estimated using the two-stage least-square procedure. The results suggest that the airline aggregate demand is elastic with respect to yield, and inelastic with respect to both network size and hub dominance. Some implications regarding airline network expansion and hubbing are discussed.     

A model to forecast aircraft operations at general aviation airports

Forecasting the demand for aviation activities is an important task in economic planning. Traditionally, forecasting the demand for general aviation airports has been done using trend and ratio analyses. Both techniques ignore the changes in many external factors that influence aviation activities. This paper develops an econometric model that relates the number of aircraft operations at a general aviation airport to some socioeconomic characteristics and supply variables. The model was estimated using data for 82 airports in the state of Georgia. The results of estimating the model suggest that the demand is inelastic with respect to total employment. The results also show that presence of aviation related services such as avionics, charter flights, rental, repair and crop dusting are important factors in determining aviation activities. The demand seems to be responsive to the location of the county as a tourist/recreational destination.     

A heuristic model for frequency planning and aircraft routing in small size airlines

The flight schedule of an airline is the primary factor in finding the most effective and efficient deployment of the airline's resources. The flight schedule process aims at finding a set of routes with associated aircraft type, frequency of service and times of departures and arrivals in order to satisfy a specific objective such as profit maximization. In this paper, we develop a two‐phase heuristic model for airline frequency planning and aircraft routing for small size airlines. The first phase develops a frequency plan using an economic equilibrium model between passenger demand for flying a particular route and aircraft operating characteristics. The second phase uses a time‐of‐day model to develop an assignment algorithm for aircraft routing.     

Evaluating security of rail transit systems: A metric system approach

Crime and fear of crime is a major problem plaguing U.S. transit systems, particularly those serving large urban areas. This paper presents a normative framework for assessing rail transit security following a system-wide metric approach. The security metric can also be used to assess the marginal improvement in security as a result of improving or adopting alternative policing and monitoring strategies. The model consists of five tasks: surveying rail transit security systems, developing a rail transit security metric, assigning efficiency ratings to rail security functions, developing a composite index for the efficiency of the overall security system, and applying a probability matrix to temper the results. Efficiency ratings can be translated into probability of occurrence figures that can be used in a decision tree context to improve rail transit security.     

海洋环境中钢筋混凝土耐久性设计综述

海洋环境中钢筋混凝土结构耐久性要求日益提高,文中对耐久性设计中应用的高性能混凝土、缓蚀剂以及各种类型的防腐钢筋、保护性涂层、阴极保护等方法进行介绍,重点阐述不同方法在各种环境中的适用性。可结合不同情况,选择适宜的耐久性设计方法。