Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

强化水旋澄清池技术处理高浊度黄河水的研究

分析了常规水旋澄清池处理工艺.提出了增加投药器、改变投药方式和改造水旋澄清池进水方式的强化措施.实验结果表明,水旋澄清池经强化技术改造后,黄河水中浊度、有机物、氨氮的去除率均有了较大提高.为水厂在黄河水较高浊度期的正常供水提供了技术保障.     

A link-node complementarity model and solution algorithm for dynamic user equilibria with exact flow propagations

In this paper, we propose a link-node complementarity model for the basic deterministic dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem with single-user-class and fixed demands. The model complements link-path formulations that have been widely studied for dynamic user equilibria. Under various dynamic network constraints, especially the exact flow propagation constraints, we show that the continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium problem can be formulated as an infinite dimensional mixed complementarity model. The continuous-time model can be further discretized as a finite dimensional non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). The proposed discrete-time model captures the exact flow propagation constraints that were usually approximated in previous studies. By associating link inflow at the beginning of a time interval to travel times at the end of the interval, the resulting discrete-time model is predictive rather than reactive. The solution existence and compactness condition for the proposed model is established under mild assumptions. The model is solved by an iterative algorithm with a relaxed NCP solved at each iteration. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model and solution approach. We particularly show why predictive DUE is preferable to reactive DUE from an algorithmic perspective.     

车门内把手设计开发

本文通过归纳分析车门内把手的典型结构形式、其与周边相关各部件的匹配关系及其试验验证方法,提出了车门内把手设计流程及思路,总结了车门内把手设计开发方法及要点,以保证车门内把手开发的准确性。     

拥挤定价理论发展及对我国城市交通管理的启示

拥挤定价作为城市交通需求管理的重要组成部分,是交通经济学的核心内容之一。本文综述了拥挤定价理论的发展历程和最新进展,提出了该领域的研究方向,分析了拥挤定价理论在实践中的应用效果,给出了我国推行该政策的建议,拥挤定价的实践表明该政策在控制交通流方面效果显著,该政策是否具有可操作性取决于公众的态度,这将是我国大中城市推行该政策的基本出发点和难点。     

高杆灯照明的无线遥控

高杆灯(塔)的高度一般为25～35 m,照度广,比其他照明设施占地少,所以被港口广泛采用. 我公司码头沿海河而建,货场窄而长,货场内共有28座高杆灯(塔),每天直接由同机队门机维修值班电工在高杆本体进行开关的分合闸操作,两个电工同时进行分合闸操作,大约需要40 min.货垛距离高杆一般在2 m左右,人工合闸需要穿过货垛,登上水泥护台或跨越护栏,存在一定的不安全因素.     

20万吨级绿色环保型散货船开发与设计

介绍了针对市场需求设计开发的20万吨级绿色环保散货船的基本概况、设计特点和主要要素.特别介绍了该船在线型优化、节能附体、主机选型优化、NOx、SOx、压载水处理系统等方面的独特设计,使该船成为真正意义上的“绿色船舶”.     

Identifying multiclass vehicles using global positioning system data

It has been previously evidenced that global positioning system (GPS) data can be used to distinguish passenger cars from delivery trucks. In this paper, a machine learning approach is proposed to use GPS data to identify multiclass vehicles, including passenger cars, single unit trucks, and multi-trailer trucks. The method is acceleration and deceleration-based since it considers the variations of acceleration and deceleration as the most effective features to classify vehicles. The overall classification result for the three vehicle classes is about 75%. The major challenge is to distinguish single unit trucks from multitrailer trucks due to their somewhat similar mobility patterns. The paper also explores the impacts of GPS sampling frequency on vehicle classification. It is found that the proposed multiclass vehicle classification can be reasonably conducted if the data are collected frequently enough (i.e., every five seconds or more frequently) to capture the major acceleration and deceleration processes. The proposed method can be considered as a low-cost and non-intrusive approach to collect vehicle class information and to potentially supplement the existing classification schemes in urban areas.     

A Two-Stage Optimization Model for Staggered Work Hours

Traditional or standard work schedules refer to the requirement that workers must be at work the same days and during the same hours each day. This requirement constrains work-related trip arrivals, and generates morning and afternoon peak hours due to the concentration of work days and/or work hours. Alternative work schedules seek to reschedule work activities away from this traditional requirement. The aim is to flatten the peak hours by spreading the demand (i.e., assigning it to the shoulders of the peak hour), lowering the peak demand. This not only would reduce societal costs but also can help to minimize the physical requirements. In this article, a two-stage optimization model is presented to quantify the effects of staggered work hours under incentive policies. In the first stage, a variation of the generalized quadratic assignment problem is used to represent the firm’s assignment of workers to different work starting times. This is the input of a nonlinear complementarity problem that captures the behavior of the users of the transportation network who are seeking to overcome the constraints imposed by working schedules (arrival times). Two examples are provided to show how the model can be used to (a) quantify the effects and response of the firm to external incentives and (b) evaluate what type of arrangements in starting times are to be made in order to achieve a social optimum.