基于底摩擦试验的岩石边坡变形研究

底摩擦试验是利用相似原理对岩石边坡变形进行模拟的一种试验.应用底摩擦试验方法模拟在重力条件下的某大桥右岸边坡变形,从而对岸坡稳定性状况、变形机制以及破坏模式进行分析研究,最后应用离散元数值模拟对试验结果进行验证,对工程的设计、施工有一定的指导意义.     

凌志LS400轿车电子点火系统的原理与检修

介绍凌志LS400轿车电子点火系统的组成、结构、工作原理以及点火系统常见故障的检修方法。     

A numerical study on piezoelectric energy harvesting by combining transverse galloping and parametric instability phenomena

This paper aims to numerically investigate the effects of parametric instability on piezoelectric energy harvesting from the transverse galloping of a square prism. A two degrees-of-freedom reduced-order model for this problem is proposed and numerically integrated. A usual quasi-steady galloping model is applied, where the transverse force coefficient is adopted as a cubic polynomial function with respect to the angle of attack. Time-histories of nondimensional prism displacement, electric voltage and power dissipated at both the dashpot and the electrical resistance are obtained as functions of the reduced velocity. Both, oscillation amplitude and electric voltage, increased with the reduced velocity for all parametric excitation conditions tested. For low values of reduced velocity, 2:1 parametric excitation enhances the electric voltage. On the other hand, for higher reduced velocities, a 1:1 parametric excitation (i.e., the same as the natural frequency) enhances both oscillation amplitude and electric voltage. It has been also found that, depending on the parametric excitation frequency, the harvested electrical power can be amplified in 70% when compared to the case under no parametric excitation.     

基于高粘SMA-5沥青混合料的钢桥养护技术研究

首先分析了桃夭门大桥的工程特征及其使用的环氧沥青混合料特点,然后对高粘SMA-5的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性能以及抗水损害性能进行分析。结果表明,细粒式高粘SMA-5沥青混合料的60℃动稳定度为8580次/mm;冻融劈裂强度比为92.12%;低温破坏应变为3100με;残留稳定度为93.31%;高粘SMA-5具有良好的路用性能,能够与钢桥桥面紧密粘结,达到了良好的应用效果。     

分离卸荷式板桩码头工作性状的静力分析

分离卸荷式板桩码头,作为近年来一种新型码头结构形式,在保持传统板桩码头优势的同时,可适用于深水泊位。目前,对其工作性状和工作机理的理论研究还不够成熟。为进一步了解其工作性状,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对某分离卸荷式板桩码头进行有限元建模和静力分析,分析卸荷承台及群桩设置的作用及工作性状,为码头设计及优化提供相关依据。     

受腐蚀混凝土结构的随机腐蚀损伤

在一些特殊环境（如海洋、化工环境）下,由于环境中存在的大量腐蚀性介质（如氯离子）,将对在服役结构造成一定的腐蚀损伤,进而影响结构的安全性和耐久性。本文基于实际受腐蚀结构的检测研究,采用随机理论,建立了受腐蚀结构的随机腐蚀损伤模型,以便进一步的可靠性评估及剩余寿命预测。     

武汉市老旧社区海绵化改造经验总结

老旧社区海绵化改造是民生工程和生态工程,但也是海绵城市建设过程中的难点。通过总结武汉市青山试点区海绵城市建设经验,提出老旧社区海绵化改造需要重点关注的五大要点:问题导向和目标导向相结合;深入开展现场调研;先民生再提升;加强宣传沟通;加强后期运维管理。以期为其他城市提供参考。     

Estimating the value of risk reductions for car drivers when pedestrians are involved: a case study in Spain

We estimated the benefits associated with reducing fatal and severe injuries from traffic accidents using a stated choice experiment where choice situations were generated through a statistically efficient design. Specifically, the risk variables were defined as the expected annual number of vehicle car-users that suffered their death or were severely injured in a traffic accident. In addition, and differing from previous research, the number of pedestrians that died or were severely injured in traffic accidents per year was also included as a risk attribute in the choice experiment, to attempt at measuring drivers’ willingness to pay to reduce the risk of hitting pedestrians in a crash. The empirical setting was a choice of route for a particular trip that a sample of car drivers periodically undertakes in Tenerife, Spain. Models were estimated accounting for random taste heterogeneity and pseudo-panel data correlation. The median of the distribution of simulated parameters was used to obtain a representative measure for the monetary valuation of risk reductions. We found that the ratio between the values of reducing the risk of suffering a serious injury and that of reducing a fatality was approximately 18 %. Further, and quite novel, we also found that the value of reducing a pedestrian fatality was 39 % of the value of reducing a car occupant fatality.     

考虑电流振铃特性的悬浮电磁铁等效电路模型

电磁悬浮型（electromagnetic suspension,EMS）磁浮列车通过悬浮斩波器调节悬浮电磁铁电流,进而控制悬浮力,使车体稳定悬浮. 悬浮斩波器驱动悬浮电磁铁过程中所产生的电流振铃会增加开关损耗,造成电磁干扰（electromagnetic interference,EMI）,甚至影响悬浮控制效果. 研究悬浮电磁铁电流振铃的产生机理,能为其抑制措施的设计予以指导. 为此,提出了一种考虑电流振铃特性的悬浮电磁铁等效电路模型. 首先,用策动点函数法推导了悬浮电磁铁导抗函数的一般形式,并结合悬浮电磁铁电流的单位阶跃响应特性确定了其导抗函数的最简表达式以及对应的等效电路模型;接着,用判别式法和仿真法分析了不同电路参数对电流振铃特性的影响;最后,比较了同一悬浮电磁铁电流振铃的仿真和实验波形. 结果表明:在所给参数条件下,实验所得悬浮电磁铁电流纹波幅值、振铃峰峰值和振铃频率分别比仿真结果小9.7%、20%和11%;此外,仿真的电流振铃衰减时间约为1 μs,与实验结果接近;仿真和实验所得悬浮电磁铁电流振铃的幅值、频率和衰减特性均能较好吻合,证明了所提电路模型的正确性.      

采用X形桩的遮帘式板桩码头结构静力分析

X形桩是一种反拱曲面异型桩,相比于同等截面积的矩形桩和圆形桩,X形桩具有更大的截面周长和惯性矩,受力性能更好。结合京唐港32#泊位遮帘式板桩码头结构,以X形桩代替传统的矩形桩,研究其对结构静力的影响。结果表明:相同桩间中心距时,以X形桩替代后可减小前墙弯矩;在同等桩间净距1.75 m下,两类模型的前墙最大弯矩基本相同。相同荷载作用下,前墙位移主要受桩间中心距影响,X形桩形状影响效应很小;锚碇墙水平位移受桩间中心距和遮帘桩形状的影响均很小。桩间中心距、净距与桩间土体土拱效应直接相关,对前墙弯矩、土压力、遮帘桩弯矩等有显著影响。桩间中心距为4.05 m或桩间净距为1.75 m时,结构内力改善效果较优,可采用该间距的X形桩替代矩形桩,节约工程造价。