SMA在城市主干路改扩建工程中的应用

SMA是一种由沥青、纤维稳定剂、矿粉和少量的细集料组成的沥青马蹄脂填充间断级配的粗集料骨架间隙而组成的沥青混合料。它是由足够的沥青结合料和具有相当劲度的沥青玛蹄脂胶浆填充在粗集料形成的石-石嵌挤结构的空隙中形成的。SMA混合料与其它密集配沥青混合料相比,具有以下优点。     

我国汽车企业自主技术创新机制经验性解析

自主技术创新是我国汽车产业的迫切性任务。技术创新的实施受到多种因素的影响。经验性的研究表明,技术创新战略规划、合资经营的制度改进、政策支持与政府扶持、汽车物流建设与营销机制创新等自主技术创新策略有效地提高了自主技术创新的水平,而技术吸纳能力培育与产学研联合技术研发则没有产生实质性的作用。     

岩石循环冲击损伤模型及其参数的确定方法

建立了基于 Weibull分布的统计学岩石冲击损伤本构模型。在理论假设的基础上,通过公式推导,建立了岩石单元体损伤本构模型。并通过数学的方法,确定了模型中参数的计算公式和方法,明确了参数的物理意义。建立了岩石在循环冲击作用下的损伤变量的表达式,分析了岩石在循环冲击作用下的损伤累计演化规律。在中南大学动静组合加载实验系统上,开展了岩石在不同应力状态下的循环冲击实验,将实验数据带入本构模型中。分析结果表明：实验曲线与理论曲线接近重合,验证了该模型的合理性;初步分析了岩石在循环冲击作用下的损伤演化规律以及破坏失稳过程。该实验为岩石在动力扰动作用下的力学机理以及岩爆产生的机制提供了一定的理论依据。     

公路路基截面参数对地震动力响应的影响分析

基于有限元软件,采用D-P材料模拟路基填土,加载汶川地震波,对公路路基路面结构进行弹塑性瞬态动力学分析。分析了不同路基填土高度、路基边坡坡率及路基宽度等参数影响下的路基顶面动力响应。在给定参数的情况下,相比于位移响应而言,路基顶部加速度响应由路基截面尺寸的变化引起的变化幅度较小。     

基于分形理论评价沥青路面微观构造

鉴于路面微观构造对抗滑性能有着重要的影响,选取4种不同材质的石料分别成型试样,借助散射法-激光纹理仪测量各试样在不同磨损状况下的微观构造,运用分形理论的盒子计数法,通过MATLAB编程实现对试样在不同磨损状况下分维数的计算.试验结果表明:花岗岩的分维数水平和耐磨光性能均较优,石灰岩的耐磨光性能差,该评价方法可以准确评价路面的微观纹理复杂程度,并能有效预测路面的长期抗滑性能.     

国内外大跨度钢箱梁桥养护规范对比研究

针对目前钢箱梁桥养护标准缺乏而又亟需规范的现状,将国内外相关规范分为涂装层评定类和通用养护类进行对比,分析其特色及优缺点,建议在此基础上编制专门的大跨度钢箱梁养护技术规范标准。     

基于STAR-CCM+的高速列车空气动力学性能数值分析

应用STAR-CCM+软件对某高速列车外流场CFD计算过程与结果做了通用性的描述,并从阻力系数、速度场和压力场几个方面对列车在明线运行工况下的空气动力性能进行了研究.通过仿真分析表明,列车的总阻力主要来源于列车受到的压差阻力,且鼻端处压力值最大并沿着过渡区域逐渐降低.对列车CFD分析应用流程做了初步的归纳与总结,并对列车头型设计提出参考性的建议.     

Robust adaptive horizontal vibration isolation of towed seismic streamers

The horizontal vibration of towed seismic streamers is a main reason for efficiency reduction of the seismic survey and tail tangling. A vibration suppression scheme of towed seismic streamers is investigated in this paper. The towed seismic streamer is divided into two spans, a controlled span, i.e., the low tension span, and an uncontrolled span, i.e., the high tension span, by a bird. The system model includes a hyperbolic partial differential equation with variable coefficient describing the towed seismic streamers, and an ordinary differential equation describing the dynamic of bird. Robust based-model knowledge and adaptive controllers, based on the Lyapunov method, are designed to isolate the vibration of towed seismic streamers caused by the course deviations of towing vessel, the variations of towing vessel velocity and the variations of towed seismic streamer density. The robust based-model knowledge and adaptive controllers exponentially and asymptotically drive the span-towed seismic streamer displacement to zero, respectively. A finite difference scheme is used to validate the efficiency of the control law. The proposed controller can isolate effectively the disturbance originated from the towed vessel, and can provide the improved damping but not sacrifice the isolation performance. The adaptive scheme can tolerate the lack of knowledge of some uncertain parameters and can directly execute the online adjustment of the parameters. Meanwhile, the proposed control law is robust and can resist the model uncertainty due to parameter incertitude, model error and unknown disturbance and so on. The control law only includes velocity and slope, while it does not need the displacement which is difficult to measure in the practical operations. Thus it is easy to implement.     

Evaluation on contribution of steel products to environmental improvement from life cycle assessment perspectives

High functionality given to steel products results in incremental environment loads at the steelmaking stage. However, at the stage of utilization, high-functional steel products prove more environment friendly than their conventional counterparts in many cases. Therefore, evaluation on contribution of steel products to environmental improvement requires an integrated approach that considers the product over its entire life cycle — life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper discusses the relationship between the improvement of steel products performance and environmental impact from the entire life cycle perspectives. The LCA method to calculate and assess contribution of high-functional steel products during the life cycle to environmental improvement is explained. Two case studies of Baoshan Iron &; Steel Co., Ltd. (Baosteel for short) are given to show that LCA is a scientific and systematic method for eco-materials evaluation or eco-design: ? in a power transformer, using silicon steel B30P110 to replace B30G130 can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the region of 15.1% over the life cycle of the power transformer; ? tinplate steel of Baosteel for two-piece steel cans experienced six times thickness reduction from 0.280 to 0.225mm, which results in 14.5% emission reduction over the life cycle of two-piece steel cans. It is a systematic and scientific method for evaluating on products environmental performance from life cycle perspective.     

冰雪、大雾天气下的交通安全保障设施研究

针对冰雪、大雾天气情况下交通安全隐患的形成机理进行深层次、多方位的探讨,对各种方式的安全保障设施进行深入的剖析,以期为今后类似环境的道路交通安全设计、评价提供技术支持和借鉴。