基于能力谱的高架车站地震易损性分析

地震易损性分析是一种评估震害损失的方法。采用Pushover能力谱分析法对高架车站结构进行抗震性能研究,考察了层间位移角和塑性铰的出现机制,得到了易损性曲线和易损性矩阵。结果表明,高架车站结构实例在各级地震作用下主要发生轻微损坏或较小概率的中等程度损坏,层间位移角符合性能设计要求。分析所用的方法简易可行,结果可供参考。     

连续刚构桥梁动静态长期监测系统研制

为长期动态适时自动监控PC连续刚构桥梁持续发生的异常下挠、开裂、变形、变位等病害,确保该类桥梁的运营结构安全,研制连续刚构桥梁监测系统具有重要意义.通过对蒙新高速公路连续刚构桥梁动静态长期监测系统的研制,为多山高原地貌条件下桥梁的实时监测、管理养护等研究提供了研究基础依据及范例.     

杭州湾跨海大桥混凝土结构耐久性原位监测预警系统

为了确保杭州湾跨海大桥混凝土结构达到百年设计使用寿命,评价混凝土结构耐久性状况的动态发展,通过对预埋式钢筋腐蚀无损监测传感系统的国际合作研究,确定了基于电化学原理和辅助光纤技术的耐久性监测技术思路,制定了该工程耐久性动态预报监测平台的构架技术方案,捕获了结构各部位腐蚀预警的个性化判据,优化了全桥测点的布置,集成、改良并安装了控制关键部位的全套系统(共计48套监测单元)。工程实测结果表明:测试数据稳定,并且与实验室研究数据吻合。     

机械产品模糊可重构设计原理与方法

为了解决可重构设计理论和方法存在的局限性问题,实现快速设计新产品,在分析设计需求的模糊性、设计域关系的模糊性和设计过程的模糊性基础上,将模糊集理论引入可重构设计中,提出了机械产品模糊可重构设计原理与方法.以350 km/h高速列车转向架总体设计为例,运用质量屋工具构建转向架模糊矩阵,求解出目标参数及其重要度,给出了转向架主要性能参数的隶属度函数,并采用距离贴近度模糊相似度识别.研究结果表明: 300 km/h高速列车转向架的距离贴近度为0.91,与设计目标最相似,进一步通过参数竞争性分析确定出修改设计方向,快速实现了转向架的资源重用和设计创新.      

基于城市主干路交通流数据的跟驰模型标定

根据某种机理建立的交通流模型需要通过模型标定和验证后才能具体应用到实际中.通过采用视频处理技术,对陕西省西安市二环主干路和浙江省舟山市昌洲大道上上下高峰时期内的车辆微观运动录像进行技术处理,提取得到了包括位移、速度和加速度的车辆微观运动轨迹数据.根据这些交通流数据,采用Levnberg-Marquardt算法,分别对跟驰理论中2个典型的跟驰模型,即惯性模型中的敏感系数、安全时间间隔、最小安全车间距、允许速度和智能驾驶人模型中的理想速度、安全时间间隔、静止安全距离、启步加速度和舒适加速度进行了标定和验证.针对惯性模型,当允许速度大于实际速度时,位移均方差和速度均方差的平均值分别为2.8m和0.58 m/s,当允许速度小于实际速度时,位移均方差和速度均方差的平均值分别为2.22m和0.49 m/s;针对智能驾驶人模型,利用早、中、晚3组数据进行标定,得到的位移均方差和速度均方差的平均值分别为0.12m和0.10 m/s,0.07m和0.10 m/s,0.75m和0.27 m/s.因此,惯性模型与智能驾驶人模型都可用于描述城市主干路近饱和状态(即跟随车辆的最大速度远小于允许速度的行驶状态)下的车辆跟驰行为,而且当智能驾驶人模型中的加速度指数取较大的值时,它较前者更为适合.      

Formation of nanometer coherent structures during spinodal decomposition and ordering coexistence phase transformation in Fe-24Al alloys

The nanometer coherent structure evolution of spinodal decomposition and ordering coexistence phase transformation in Fe-24Al alloys is investigated by the microscopic phase field kinetic model. The results show that the concentration and long-range order parameters all continuously change towards to their equilibrium values during phase transformation. With the increase of elastic interaction energy, the anisotropy along [01] or [10] elastic soft direction is more obvious and the time reaching equilibrium state is also shortened. According to the results, the formation of nanometer coherent structures during phase transformation is composed of the initial decreasing stage of order degree stage, the incubation stage, the continuous increasing stage of concentration order parameter and long-range order parameter, and the later stable stage. The spinodal decomposition and ordering is interaction; the initial ordering stage is a necessary condition of the coexistence phase transformation. The nanometer coherent structures are not found to grow during the whole phase transformation. The simulation results are in accordance with the results in experiment obtained by the aging treatment in Fe-24Al alloys.     

新一代水平对置汽油机的研制——燃烧系统设计和提高燃油经济性的考虑

在研制过程中,应用了计算流体动力学和单缸试验机研究燃烧过程,仔细斟酌发动机基本参数的选择,诸如缸径、行程和燃烧室形状。最后,选择了长行程和新设计的燃烧室,使滚流运动几乎一直保持到上止点,同时缩短了火焰传播距离。通过改进燃烧室设计,以及采取双主动气门控制系统、滚流气门和废气再循环冷却器等一系列措施,新机型能够适应全球各国的环保法规。     

Experimental study on mechanical properties of weathered rock covered by loess

Based on dynamic triaxial test, the mechanical properties of the weathered rock covered by loess were studied. The cohesion value of weathered mudstone is far below that of the weathered sandstone, while the internal friction angle values are basically equivalent, about 30°. Compared with the undisturbed sample, the cohesion value of remodeling weathered rock sample decreases significantly. With the increase of moisture content, the strength of weathered mudstone is obviously decreased due to the influence of the water softening effect. This results illustrate that the bearing stratum is not easily affected by external disturbance in comparison to weathered mudstone. In the engineering, in order to ensure the good mechanical properties of the soil, more attention should be paid to keeping the water content constant, even to reducing the water content. The experiments show that the relations between shear stress and strain of weathered rock were nonlinear and the behavior of weathered rock can be expressed by the hyperbolic model. The initial modulus of undisturbed weathered rock, under the same consolidation conditions, is much greater than that of remodeling samples. Meanwhile, the initial dynamic elastic modulus of sandstone is also greater than that of the mudstone. The dynamic shear modulus ratios of the undisturbed sandstone, the undisturbed mudstone, as well as the remodeling mudstone have the normalization characteristics with the increase of dynamic shear strain. The damping ratio of mudstone is larger than that of the sandstone, and the damping ratio of remolding sample is also greater than that of the undisturbed mudstone. The mudstone has the bad mechanical properties as bearing stratum.     

课程改革引领下的汽车专业实训基地建设探讨

<正>实训基地建设是职业院校基础能力建设的重要组成部分,是职业院校培养技术技能型专门人才的必备条件。以课改思想来指导实训基地建设,以"七个合一"课改理念来组织实训基地建设,必将推动职业院校又好又快发展,为地方经济发展提供高素质劳动者和优秀专业人才。2005年江苏省教育厅制定出台了《江苏省职业教育课程改革行动计划》,标志着新一轮江苏职业教育课程改革工     

吊舱式电力推进船舶螺旋桨匹配设计仿真研究

在国内,吊舱推进器的设计还处于理论起步阶段,尤其是吊舱推进器螺旋桨,其设计方法尚未成熟,而螺旋桨的设计对于整个推进系统推进性能的影响又尤为关键,关系到船—机—桨匹配的综合推进性能。为此,采用常规螺旋桨敞水特性图谱等效设计POD螺旋桨参数的方法对吊舱推进器螺旋桨进行设计,分析吊舱式推进船舶船—机—桨的匹配性能。为了提高设计效率及优化推进系统的推进性能,针对吊舱式电力推进船舶,采用常规螺旋桨等效设计方法设计POD螺旋桨参数,同时基于LabVIEW图形化编程语言开发船—机—桨匹配数值分析软件以对设计参数进行静态匹配计算,并与母船的推进效率进行对比,选取最优化的螺旋桨参数作为POD螺旋桨参数,以优化推进效率。研究结果表明：采用常规螺旋桨等效设计方法设计POD螺旋桨参数的方案,同时结合开发的船—机—桨匹配数值仿真分析平台,可以方便、快捷地对吊舱式推进船舶进行船—机—桨匹配分析计算比较,提高推进性能。