草场变成荒野就在一念之间

我发现自己职业生涯的大部分时间都在研究草场,包括坦桑尼亚角马迁徙、洪流搏动的塞伦盖蒂大草原,西藏高原和蒙古大草原。草场一直萦绕脑海或记忆的边缘。稀树草原(炎热、季节性干旱气候条件下成长的植被类型)和温带草原(温带气候下的地带性植被类型之一)大约占地球陆地表面的40%。人类起源于广袤的非洲大草原,许多狩猎采集社会直到近代都与这种环境息息相关。各种形态的人类社会约从一万三千年前开始通过培育各种作物和驯养野生有蹄动物而逐步演化。     

传统三大件结构转向架的缺陷

分析既有型18-100型三大件结构转向架的缺陷。提出采用主动悬挂代替被动悬挂,可以改善转向架的动力学性能。     

新型转向架Syntegra

文章介绍了德国最新研究的Syntegra型转向架,阐述了研究和生产该转向架的目的、意义和发展前景。详细说明了与之相匹配的牵引电动机和变压器的结构、特性以及制动原理。     

采用快速镀铁法修复连杆

<正>采用镀铁法修复磨损不大的零件比堆焊法有一系列优点:对零件没有热力作用;零件不会翘曲;所镀复的金属利用率高;可以用不贵重和不稀缺的材料获得耐磨镀层。 普通镀铁法的缺点是工序多、耗水量大、排水污染、镀层的电镀速度低。 本文介绍的连杆大头快速镀铁工艺将会克服上述缺点。电镀前对连杆先进行清理与缺陷检查,并放在除油装置(图1)上,用滑石粉对连杆大头内表面除油。将连杆4套在轴2和带毛刷的轴5上,毛刷预先涂上滑石粉。轴5的转速为50～100r/min,在转动1分钟后,利用泵7将箱体1底壳内的水压送到清洗机构3,以此除去连杆表面上的滑石粉和其他污物。除油和清洗的时间总计为2～3分钟。     

两种直接波浪能转换系统性能的比较:阿基米德波浪摆和波能浮筒(英文)

Many wave energy conversion devices have not been well received. The main reasons are that they are too complicated and not economical. However, in the last two decades direct conversion systems have drawn the attention of researchers to their widely distributed energy source due to their simple structure and low cost. The most well-known direct conversion systems presently in use include the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) and Power Buoy (PB). In this paper, these two systems were simulated in the same conditions and their behaviors were studied in different wave conditions. In order to verify the simulations, results of the generator of the finite element computations were followed. An attempt was made to determine the merits and drawbacks of each method under different wave conditions by comparing the performance of the two systems. The wave conditions suitable for each system were specified.     

双通线加热的热力学及实验分析(英文)

The present investigation deals with process analysis of oxy-acetylene flame assisted double pass line heating for varying plate thickness. oxy-acetylene flame as the heat source for multi pass line heating to achieve 3-D bending of plates with varying thicknesses was studied. The oxy-acetylene flame was modeled as the moving heat source in the FEM analysis. The transient thermal histories were predicted taking into account the temperature dependent thermo-mechanical properties. A comparative study between single pass and double pass line heating residual deformation was also carried out. The temperature distribution and residual deformations predicted by the numerical model developed in the present work compared fairly well with those of the experimental ones.     

Experimental Investigation of TARMAX Model for Modeling of Hydrodynamic Forces on Cylinder-like Structures

A new approach that models lift and drag hydrodynamic force signals operating over cylindrical structures was developed and validated. This approach is based on stochastic auto regressive moving average with exogenous (ARMAX) input and its time-varying form, TARMAX. Model structure selection and parameter estimation were discussed while considering the validation stage. In this paper, the cylindrical structure was considered as a dynamic system with an incoming water wave and resulting forces as the input a...     

交通拥堵反思

通过对交通拥堵进行反思,认为交通拥堵是充满活力的成功城市的伴生品,应从不同角度考虑拥堵问题.提出了十项有别于传统观点的提议,主要包括:机动性至关重要,交通拥堵是社会、经济活力的象征;道路扩容效果短暂,并会诱发潜在需求,但仍可带来一定的社会、经济效益;土地使用对出行行为的改变需要长期的努力;紧凑型发展会加剧交通拥堵;降低...     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。