未来商用车发动机燃油效率的挑战

未来需要进一步降低商用车的燃油耗和由此产生的CO2排放。利用1台6缸大型柴油机,AVL公司对一种优化基本型发动机部件的方法进行评估。结果表明,采取优化措施后,发动机的节油潜力可提高3%~5%,而在采取热管理措施后,甚至能达到7%。     

新型机油流量优化凸轮喷淋润滑器的开发

发动机的凸轮轴驱动进排气门往复运动。"凸轮喷淋润滑器"是向凸轮轴上各个凸轮提供机油的装置。常规的凸轮喷淋润滑器带有几个相同尺寸出油口的油管,出油口负责向每个凸轮提供机油。来自气缸盖的机油通过喷淋润滑器油管中点位置供油。靠近供油点的出口机油流量大,远离供油点的出口机油流量小,每一出口的机油流量分布不均匀。开发了一种新的凸轮喷淋润滑器,具有2个特征:(1)将机油通道分为几个支流,形状类似多角状仙人掌;(2)凸轮轴轴颈中的通孔使气缸盖向凸轮喷淋润滑器的供油具有间歇性。新的凸轮喷淋润滑器可将机油非常均匀地提供给各个凸轮,减少了机油浪费,凸轮喷淋润滑器的机油总流量可大幅减小90%。由此可以设定较小的发动机机油泵出口机油流量,机油泵的驱动转矩减小,最终降低发动机燃油消耗量。     

用于中国和印度未来废气排放标准的载货车低成本废气净化技术

Delphi公司专门为中国和印度载货车市场开发了一种产品系列。作为废气净化领域的实例,Delphi公司的产品能满足汽车和发动机制造商的不同要求,并能以不同策略降低废气排放。     

追求精细化的街道设计——《伦敦街道设计导则》解读

自20世纪90年代,英国的交通政策就在向整合交通和土地利用规划的方向努力。伦敦交通局于2004年发布了《伦敦街道设计导则》(以下简称《导则》),并于2009年修订。该导则作为"更好的街道"计划的一部分,对伦敦市区的街道项目具有重要的引导作用。首先通过叙述伦敦市街道形态与规划政策的演变,介绍《导则》的政策背景、概要内容及设计原则。从设计流程、材料面板、街道设计指引几个方面解析《导则》的特点。通过研究伦敦市的道路形态和街道设计现状,评述《导则》的落实与应用情况。最后,从全过程精细化指导、规范标准补充、街道设计理念转变三个方面总结《导则》对中国城市街道设计的借鉴意义。     

客车轮胎建模和对侧倾稳定性的影响研究

客车轮胎与客车整车的侧倾稳定性有密切联系,ADAMS是典型的动力学虚拟样机仿真软件。介绍了在ADAMS中建立非线性轮胎的方法,在ADAMS中建立客车整车模型,通过改变整车模型中轮胎的刚度和阻尼,研究客车轮胎对整车侧倾稳定性的影响,从而为设计出符合性能要求的客车轮胎提供一定的理论依据。     

移动式安全座椅的乘员保护性能的研究

传统的座椅在汽车前碰撞中是不允许产生明显变形的,本文中提出了3种移动式的汽车安全座椅,它们可在汽车前碰撞时发生相应的变形,具有防止乘员下潜,消除安全带与乘员之间的初始间隙和降低胸部加速度的作用:立了使用3种移动式座椅和传统座椅的汽车前碰撞乘员动力学响应和损伤分析的仿真模型,并进行4种座椅的对比仿真.结果表明,与传统座椅和其它两种移动座椅相比,第一种移动式安全座椅对乘员头部、颈部和胸部具有较好的防护性能.     

Green-Naghdi theory, part A: Green-Naghdi (GN) equations for shallow water waves

In this work,Green-Naghdi (GN) equations with general weight functions were derived in a simple way. A wave-absorbing beach was also considered in the general GN equations. A numerical solution for a level higher than 4 was not feasible in the past with the original GN equations. The GN equations for shallow water waves were simplified here, which make the application of high level (higher than 4) equations feasible. The linear dispersion relationships of the first seven levels were presented. The accuracy of dispersion relationships increased as the level increased. Level 7 GN equations are capable of simulating waves out to wave number times depth . Numerical simulation of nonlinear water waves was performed by use of Level 5 and 7 GN equations, which will be presented in the next paper.     

通过形状差异修正模式方法进行的损伤识别试验(英文)

An experimental program was undertaken to test the feasibility to detect the occurrence of structural damage using a modified mode shape difference technique. The vibration response of a steel beam fixed at one end and hinged at the other was obtained for the intact and damage conditions. Modal analysis was performed to extract the frequencies and mode shapes. The method shows a good potential in detection of occurrence and location of damage.     

集束塔式立管总体强度分析(英文)

Bundled hybrid offset riser (BHOR) global strength analysis, which is more complex than single line offset riser global strength analysis, was carried out in this paper. At first, the equivalent theory is used to deal with BHOR, and then its global strength in manifold cases was analyzed, along with the use of a three-dimensional nonlinear time domain finite element program. So the max bending stress, max circumferential stress, and max axial stress in the BHOR bundle main section (BMS) were obtained, and the values of these three stresses in each riser were obtained through the "stress distribution method". Finally, the Max Von Mises stress in each riser was given and a check was made whether or not they met the demand. This paper provides a reference for strength analysis of the bundled hybrid offset riser and some other bundled pipelines.     

利用微米尺度计算机断层扫描技术重建水泥石三维微观结构

水泥基材料的微观结构与其性能存在着密切关系.利用微米尺度计算机断层扫描技术这种基于X射线技术及数学方法的测试手段,研究了水泥石的微观结构.通过对选定的水泥基材料局部区域进行X射线逐层扫描之后得到系列二维灰度图像,再通过数学方法和软件将其依次叠加重构成三维图像;然后基于孔、水化产物和未水化水泥熟料颗粒灰度阈值之不同,将其分别标识并分割出来进行单独研究,并可进一步计算其各自体积分数、在空间的分布状态等.